“需求-目标-工具”框架下失独扶助政策的失范与矫正——基于22个省级行政区政策文本分析  

The Deficiency and Correction of Support Policies for Shidu Families under the Framework of"Needs-Goals-Tools"-Policy Texts Analysis of 22 Provincial Administrative Regions

作　　者：刘波[1] 袁喆 LIU Bo;YUAN Zhe(School of Public Administration,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China;School of Population and Health,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院,广东广州510006 [2]中国人民大学人口与健康学院,北京100872

出　　处：《广州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期129-144,共16页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BGL154)。

摘　　要：失独扶助政策的目标包括维持基本生存、增进民生福祉、构建管理制度、营造舆论环境与促进社会融入五大目标。失独群体的个体性与结构性困境有不同层次的政策需求,政府部门需要灵活使用不同类型的政策工具,发挥社会政策的工具性效应,从而实现个体需求、社会稳定和经济增长的政策目标。基于全国22个省级行政区失独扶助政策文本量化分析表明:政策需求维度中以满足生理和安全需求为主,爱与归属、尊重和自我实现需求欠缺;政策目标维度中以维持基本生存和增进民生福祉的目标为主,构建管理制度、营造舆论环境和促进社会融入等目标欠缺;政策工具维度中以命令型工具为主,激励型和系统变革工具为辅,劝告型和能力建设工具欠缺;从政策区域异质性来看,相较于东部、西部和东北地区,中部地区政策文本结构在政策需求、政策目标与政策工具维度最为全面、多元与完善。未来政府应优化扶助政策的政策需求与政策目标,调整政策工具供给,促进政策公平性。The objectives of Shidu families(families who lost their only child)support policies in-clude maintaining basic survival,enhancing well-being,building a management system,creating an en-vironment of public opinions and promoting social integration.The individual and structural dilemmas faced by the Shidu families have different levels of policy needs.Government departments need to flexibly use different types of policy tools to give full play to the instrumental effects of social policies,so as to a-chieve the policy objectives of individual needs,social stability and economic growth.The results of the quantitative analysis of the texts of policies to support Shidu families in 22 provincial administrative re-gions across China show that,the dimension of policy needs is dominated by the need to satisfy physiolog-ical and safety needs,while the needs of love and belonging,respect and self-realization are lacking;and the dimension of policy objectives is dominated by the goals of maintaining basic survival and enhancing well-being,while the goals of building a management system,creating an environment of public opinions and promoting social integration are lacking;in the dimensions of policy tools,mandatory tools are domi-nant,incentive and system-changing tools are complementary,and hortatory and capability-building tools are lacking;in terms of regional heterogeneity of policies,compared with the eastern,western and north-eastern regions,the text structure of the policies in the central region is the most comprehensive,diverse and complete in terms of policy needs,policy goals and policy tools.In the future,the government should optimise the policy needs and goals of the support policies,adjust the supply of policy tools,and promote the policy fairness.

关 键 词：政策需求 政策目标 政策工具 失独家庭 失独扶助政策 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]