肉苁蓉寄主梭梭和白梭梭主要生物学性状评价  

Evaluation on Main Biological Characters of Host-plant Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum of Cistanche deserticola

作　　者：沈亮 庞青云 张明慧 徐荣[2] 陈君[2] 刘同宁 马清温 刘永萍[5] SHEN Liang;PANG Qingyun;ZHANG Minghui;XU Rong;CHEN Jun;LIU Tongning;MA Qingwen;LIU Yongping(National Natural History Museum of China,Beijing 100050;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100193;School of Biology and Medicine,Beijing City University,Beijing 100094;Ningxia Yongning Plantation of Herba Cistanche,Yinchuan 750100;Institutes of Afforestation and Desertification Control,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830092)

机构地区：[1]国家自然博物馆,北京100050 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100193 [3]北京城市学院生物医药学部,北京100094 [4]宁夏永宁县本草苁蓉种植基地,银川750100 [5]新疆林业科学院造林治沙研究所,乌鲁木齐830092

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2024年第8期1347-1355,共9页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274051);国家自然科学基金-新疆联合重点支持项目(U1403224);北京市科学技术研究院萌芽计划(BGS202111);北京市财政项目;自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGGCC032)。

摘　　要：采用田间农艺观察、单因素方差分析、相关性分析和分子鉴定等方法对我国梭梭属2个物种梭梭和白梭梭的主要生物学性状以及肉苁蓉寄生情况进行比较分析。结果表明梭梭和白梭梭在形态特征、农艺性状及花粉结构方面均存在显著差异,其中成熟的梭梭种子果翅长度和千粒重显著低于白梭梭,但发芽率和发芽势显著高于白梭梭;梭梭花粉网眼较深,网脊颗粒结构的数量显著少于白梭梭,且花粉体积小于白梭梭。相关分析表明梭梭和白梭梭农艺指标与气温和相对湿度等气候因子显著相关,其中梭梭对水分及光照等环境因子变化适宜能力较强,分布较广;而白梭梭受水分等因子限制,仅在新疆准噶尔盆地长势较好。核基因内转录间隔区(ITS,internal transcribed spacer)分子鉴定技术可以有效鉴别梭梭和白梭梭,并且证明二者均可被肉苁蓉寄生,但二者寄生的肉苁蓉持续成活率存在差异。根据梭梭和白梭梭生物学性状特征和肉苁蓉寄生情况,适宜推广梭梭作为寄主植物生产肉苁蓉药材。本研究为我国梭梭属植物的分类鉴定、引种栽培以及肉苁蓉优良寄主种质筛选提供科学依据。Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum,belonging to the family Amaranthaceae,genus Haloxylon Bunge,serve as host plants for Cistanche deserticola.They are widely distributed in the arid zones of China.In this study,biological characteristics and agronomic traits of both species were mainly compared by field observation and molecular identification.The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic characters,agronomic traits and pollen structure.Notably,the fruit wing length and 1000-grain weight in H.ammodendron were significantly lower compared to those of H.persicum,but the germination rate and germination potential were significantly higher compared to those of H.persicum.The pollen volume and surface particle structure of H.ammodendron were significantly smaller than those of H.persicum.Additionally,the pollen net of H.ammodendron exhibited a deep structure,while it was shallow and most of it protruding outwards in H.persicum pollens.The correlational analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the agronomic indexes of both H.ammodendron and H.persicum and climate factors such as temperature and humidity.Water and light are the primary limiting factors for the geographic distribution H.persicum in Junggar Basin of Xinjiang,while environmental adaptations of H.ammodendron were found to be stronger.H.ammodendron and H.persicum can be effectively identified by ITS barcode,and both of them can be parasitized by C.deserticola.However,the survival rate of C.deserticola were different.According to their biological characteristics,cultivating H.ammodendron is with priority in the production of cistanches herba.This study provided a scientific basis for the identification and conservation of Haloxylon,as well as the selection of optimal hosts for C.deserticola.

关 键 词：梭梭 白梭梭 肉苁蓉 花粉 ITS 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S567.239[农业科学—林学]