土柱实验在土壤重金属污染研究中的应用进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospects in Soil Column Experiments to Study Soil Heavy Metal Pollution

作　　者：李卫娜 蔡虹明 袁玮[1] 郑旺 陈玖斌 LI Weina;CAI Hongming;YUAN Wei;ZHENG Wang;CHEN Jiubin(Institute of Surface-Earth System Science,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学地球系统科学学院表层地球系统科学研究院,天津300072

出　　处：《地球与环境》2024年第5期652-661,共10页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804400);国家自然科学基金项目(42103008、41830647、41973007、41625012)。

摘　　要：近年来土壤重金属污染状况不容乐观,重金属在土壤中的吸附、迁移和转化等行为显著影响着土壤重金属污染的生态环境效应,成为学者研究热点。土柱实验能够较好地模拟污染物进入土壤中的迁移转化过程,在土壤重金属污染机制、土壤和地下水环境风险评估以及土壤重金属污染的修复等方面均已得到广泛应用。但由于研究中淋滤环境、土壤性质及重金属性质等实验条件的不同,土柱实验并没有一套通用流程,需要研究者自主设计土柱结构,并制定合理的实验方案。本文回顾了近年来土柱实验在重金属污染研究方面的应用进展,总结了在设计土柱实验时供水、渗流及接收等各环节需要注意的问题,并对土柱实验在土壤重金属污染研究方面的应用前景进行了展望,为复杂条件土壤重金属污染研究提供新的研究思路和方法。The increasing severity of soil heavy metal pollution has raised concerns.The impact of heavy metal behaviors such as adsorption,migration,and transformation in soil on the environment has become a focal point for researchers.Soil column experiments serve as an effective tool in simulating the intricate processes of pollutant migration and transformation within the soil.It has been widely used to investigate the mechanisms of soil heavy metal pollution,assess soil and groundwater environmental risks,and remediate soil heavy metal pollution.However,due to different experimental conditions,e.g.leaching conditions,soil properties,and heavy metal properties,there is no universal procedure for soil column experiments.Therefore,researchers need to design the soil column structure and develop rational experimental plans on their own.This paper reviews recent advancements in the application of soil column experiments in heavy metal pollution research,outlines essential considerations in the design of these experiments,and provides a prospective outlook on their future application in studying soil heavy metal pollution.The aim is to present fresh research ideas and methods for investigating heavy metal pollution in soils under complex conditions.

关 键 词：土柱实验 土壤 重金属 综述 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]