新疆南疆春播玉米穗部性状及产量对不同种植密度的响应  

Response to Different Planting Density of Ears Traits and Yield of Spring Sown Maize in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：李星星 欧欢 陈娟[1] 刘荣森[1] 唐怀君[2] 谢小清[2] 刘燕[1] 罗单 LI Xingxing;OU Huan;CHEN Juan;LIU Rongsen;TANG Huaijun;XIE Xiaoqing;LIU Yan;LUO Dan(Aksu Area Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Aksu,Xinjiang 843000;Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091)

机构地区：[1]阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第29期8-13,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：自治区现代农业产业技术体系人才“新疆玉米产业技术体系额敏综合试验站”(XJARS-02-16);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目“伊犁河谷主要粮食作物节水省肥增效关键技术研发”(2022B02015-2)。

摘　　要：通过研究新疆南疆正播玉米穗部性状及产量对不同种植密度的响应,探索适宜南疆的玉米种植密度。以‘天玉1885’为供试材料,分别在南疆平原区和冷凉区设置6个种植密度,研究2个不同气候区域的玉米最佳种植密度。试验结果表明,平原区种植密度为9.00万株/hm^(2)时,田间秃尖率和空杆率最低,分别为7.5%和1.9%,穗行数、千粒重和产量较其他处理高,分别为17.8行、348.7 g和15246 kg/hm^(2);种植密度为7.50万株/hm^(2)和8.25万株/hm^(2)处理下穗长、行粒数、穗粒数和单棒穗重较高,但是有效穗数较低,产量仅为13232 kg/hm^(2)和14859 kg/hm^(2);种植密度为9.75万株/hm^(2)、10.50万株/hm^(2)和11.25万株/hm^(2)的处理,虽田间有效穗数最高,但秃尖率、秃尖长、空杆率、单棒穗重、千粒重较低,不易获得高产,产量仅为14529 kg/hm^(2)、13394 kg/hm^(2)和12282 kg/hm^(2)。冷凉区种植密度为10.50万株/hm^(2)时,穗长、行粒数、单棒穗重、穗粒数较其他处理高,产量表现突出为17997 kg/hm^(2);种植密度为8.25万株/hm^(2)、9.00万株/hm^(2)和9.75万株/hm^(2)的秃尖长、空杆率、有效穗数较其他处理低,虽千粒重较高,但产量不高,为13908 kg/hm^(2)、14429 kg/hm^(2)和15825 kg/hm^(2);种植密度为11.25万株/hm^(2)和12.00万株/hm^(2)的处理,虽有效穗数较高,但穗长、单棒穗重和千粒重较低,导致产量不突出,为16581 kg/hm^(2)和15714 kg/hm^(2)。研究发现,平原区玉米种植密度为9.00万株/hm^(2)、冷凉区玉米种植密度为10.50万株/hm^(2)时,植株可通过自身调节协调个体优势和群体结构,获得较高产量。试验结果为南疆春播玉米高产种植提供了理论支撑。By analyzing the response of ear traits and yield of spring sown maize to different planting densities in southern Xinjiang,this study explored the planting density suitable for southern Xinjiang,providing theoretical support for high-yield spring sown corn in southern Xinjiang.'Tianyu 1885'was used as the test material,six planting densities were set in the plain area and the cool area of southern Xinjiang,to study the optimal density of maize cultivation in 2 different climatic regions.The density in the plain area was 90000 plants/hm^(2),the bald tip rate and empty rod rate in the field were the lowest,at 7.5%and 1.9%,respectively.The number of panicle rows,1000-grain weight and yield were higher than other treatments,which were 17.8 rows,348.7 g and 15246 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Under the densities of 75000 plants/hm^(2)and 82500 plants/hm^(2)treatments,spike length,number of grains in row,number of grains per spike and single rod spike weight were higher,but the effective panicle number was low,the yield was only 13232 kg/hm^(2)and 14859 kg/hm^(2).In the treatments with densities of 97500 plants/hm^(2),105000 plants/hm^(2)and 112500 plants/hm^(2),although the number of effective ears in the field was the highest,bald tip rate,bald tip length,empty rod rate,single rod spike weight,thousand grain weight were lower,the yields were only 14529 kg/hm^(2),13394 kg/hm^(2)and 12282 kg/hm^(2).When the density of cold area was 105000 plants/hm^(2),spike length,grain number per spike,single rod spike weight and grain number per spike were higher than other treatments,the yield was outstanding at 17997 kg/hm^(2).Under the treatment of 82500 plants/hm^(2),90000 plants/hm^(2)and 97500 plants/hm^(2),the bald tip length,empty stalk ratio and effective spike number were lower than other treatments,although the thousand grain weight was higher,the yields were not high at 13908 kg/hm^(2),14429 kg/hm^(2)and 15825 kg/hm^(2).Under the treatments with densities of 112500 plants/hm^(2)and 120000 plants/hm^(2),although the effective n

关 键 词：种植密度 玉米 新疆南疆 穗部性状 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]