黄精皂苷的化学成分、生物合成及药理作用研究进展  

The Chemical Constituents,Biological Synthesis and Pharmacological Effects of the genus Polygonatum Saponins:A Review

作　　者：翟玉凤 丁兰 余叶敏 贾巧君[1] 梁宗锁[1] 汪得凯 ZHAI Yufeng;DING Lan;YU Yemin;JIA Qiaojun;LIANG Zongsuo;WANG Dekai(College of Medicine and Life Sciences,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018;Agricultural and Forestry Technology Promotion Center in Lin'an District,Hangzhou City,Hangzhou 311399;Hangzhou Lin'an Yifeng Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou 311321)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院,杭州310018 [2]浙江杭州市临安区农林技术推广中心,杭州311399 [3]杭州临安益丰农业开发有限公司,杭州311321

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第29期21-30,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划“非农化整治土壤青钱柳林下林药高效复合栽培模式研究与示范”(2023C02017);浙江省中药材产业技术团队项目“林下中药材生态种植模式示范”(ZNK2022-2)。

摘　　要：黄精(Polygonatum spp.)是药食同源植物,其活性成分如多糖、黄酮和皂苷具有显著的药理作用。近年来的研究主要集中在从黄精中提取具有抗疲劳、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂及增强免疫力的皂苷类成分。尽管对黄精皂苷的结构解析取得了一定进展,但其生物合成途径尚需深入研究。黄精中的皂苷通过甲羟戊酸途径和2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇-4-磷酸途径合成,涉及多个酶催化步骤。本研究提出,黄精皂苷在抗肿瘤、抗菌抗炎、抗病毒及提高免疫调节方面具有多种生物功效,并在药品、食品、化妆品等领域有广泛应用。然而,当前研究还存在以下不足:结构解析不够深入、生物合成途径未完全阐明及药理作用机制不明。未来的研究应加强黄精皂苷的分离、结构解析、合成生物学及药理学研究,以推动其科学研究和产品开发,为新型治疗药物的开发提供科学依据。The genus Polygonatum Mill,commonly referred to as"Huang Jing,"are plants renowned for their medicinal and edible properties.Their active constituents,including polysaccharides,flavonoids,and saponins,exhibit notable pharmacological effects.Recent studies have predominantly centered on the extraction of saponin components from the genus Polygonatum,which are attributed with anti-fatigue,antioxidant,hypoglycemic,lipid-lowering,and immune-enhancing properties.While there has been some advancement in the structural analysis of the genus Polygonatum saponins,their biosynthetic pathways remain underexplored.The synthesis of saponins in the genus Polygonatum occurs via the mevalonic acid pathway and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway,encompassing multiple enzymatic steps.This research indicates that the genus Polygonatum saponins exert diverse biological effects,including anti-tumor,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and immune regulatory activities,and hold significant potential in medicine,food,cosmetics,and other sectors.Nonetheless,current studies are limited by inadequate structural analysis,an incomplete understanding of biosynthetic pathways,and ambiguous mechanisms of pharmacological action.Future endeavors should prioritize the isolation,structural analysis,synthetic biology,and pharmacology of the genus Polygonatum saponins to advance their scientific investigation and product development,thereby laying a foundation for the creation of novel therapeutic agents.

关 键 词：黄精 皂苷 化学成分 生物合成 药理活性 抗氧化活性 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]