不同氮磷肥配施生物炭对污染土壤镉有效性和青菜吸收镉的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Different Nitrogen,Phosphorus Fertilizers and Biochar on Cadmium Availability in Contaminated Soil and Cadmium Uptake by Pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.)

作　　者：聂浩 李平[1] 郎漫[1] 张君岳 杭子轩 陈柏彤 李楠 NIE Hao;LI Ping;LANG Man;ZHANG Junyue;HANG Zixuan;CHEN Baitong;LI Nan(School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044;Xinyi Farmland Quality and Environmental Protection Station,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221400)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院,南京210044 [2]江苏省新沂市耕地质量保护站,江苏徐州221400

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第29期31-38,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中央土壤污染防治资金项目“新沂市受污染耕地安全利用推进区(示范基地)核心区建设项目”(新集采单[2021]1468);南京信息工程大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目“不同铵态氮硝态氮配比对镉污染土壤小青菜生长及镉吸收的影响研究”(XJDC202210300495)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在评估不同氮磷肥配施生物炭对镉(Cd)污染农田土壤中Cd有效性的降低效果以及对作物生长的影响,为Cd污染农田的安全利用和氮磷肥料的合理选择提供科学依据。以Cd污染农田土壤为对象,采用青菜盆栽试验,对比研究了3种氮肥[硫酸铵(L)、尿素(N)和硝酸钙(X)]与2种磷肥[过磷酸钙(S)和钙镁磷肥(C)]配施生物炭(B)对土壤Cd有效性、青菜生长和吸收Cd的影响。结果表明:与不施肥的对照处理相比,氮磷肥配施显著提高青菜生物量达28.6%~65.7%,氮磷肥配施生物炭的增产效果比单施氮磷肥处理显著提高11.9%~40.0%。硝酸钙配施过磷酸钙显著提高土壤p H 0.23个单位,其余氮磷肥处理对土壤p H无显著影响,但所有氮磷肥处理土壤有效态Cd含量比对照处理降低了16.5%~38.8%,青菜Cd含量降低了5.87%~25.0%。与单施氮磷肥处理相比,氮磷肥配施生物炭处理土壤pH有不同幅度的增加,最大增幅达0.42个单位,土壤有效态Cd含量则降低了5.31%~56.3%,青菜Cd含量降低了25.5%~84.8%。研究结果证实,在Cd污染农田的安全利用过程中,合理选择和施用氮磷肥是至关重要的,这不仅可以获得最佳的经济效益,还能产生积极的环境效应。同时,配施生物炭能够进一步增强氮肥和磷肥对污染土壤中Cd活性的钝化作用。To evaluate the reduction effects of combined application of different nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizers and biochar on cadmium(Cd)availability and crop growth in Cd contaminated farmland soils,so as to provide scientific basis for the safe utilization of Cd contaminated farmland and the rational selection of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.A pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.)pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of three nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate(L),urea(N),and calcium nitrate(X),two phosphorus fertilizers such as superphosphate(S)and calcium magnesium phosphate(C),and biochar(B)on soil Cd availability,pakchoi growth and Cd uptake from a farmland soil contaminated by Cd.The results showed that compared with the control treatment without fertilizer application,combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly increased the biomass of pakchoi by 28.6%-65.7%,and the combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizers and biochar significantly increased pakchoi biomass by 11.9%-40.0%compared to the treatment of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.The combined application of calcium nitrate and calcium superphosphate significantly increased soil pH by 0.23 units,whereas other nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments had no significant impact on soil pH.However,content of soil available Cd in the treatments of combined application of all nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers was decreased by 16.5%-38.8%,content of Cd in pakchoi was reduced by 5.87%-25.0%,compared with the control treatment.Compared with the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,the combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizers and biochar increased soil pH in varying degrees with a maximum increase of 0.42 units,decreased the content of soil available Cd by 5.31%-56.3%,and decreased the content of Cd in pakchoi by 25.5%-4.8%.The results confirmed that reasonable selection and application of nitrogen and phosphoru

关 键 词：氮肥 磷肥 生物炭 镉污染 生物有效性 土壤 土壤Cd有效性 青菜生长 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]