滩涂养殖复垦地区不同种植年限和种植方式对土壤特性变化及小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Years and Planting Methods on Soil Characteristics and Wheat Yield in Tidal Flat Cultivation Reclamation Area

作　　者：张蛟[1] 陈澎军 崔士友[1] 姜夏烨 韩继军 龙锡恩 缪源卿 ZHANG Jiao;CHEN Pengjun;CUI Shiyou;JIANG Xiaye;HAN Jijun;LONG Xien;MIAO Yuanqing(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong,Jiangsu 226012;Jiangsu Geological Bureau/Coastal Saline-alkali Land Ecological Rehabilitation and Sustainable Utilization Technology Innovation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR),Nanjing 210007;School of Geographic Science,Nantong University,Nantong,Jiangsu 226019)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226012 [2]江苏省地质局/自然资源部滨海盐碱地生态改良与可持续利用工程技术创新中心,南京210007 [3]南通大学地理科学学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第29期45-51,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：南通市科技计划项目—基础研究项目“沿海滩涂苜蓿套种青贮玉米模式下土壤盐分动态及地力特征研究”(JC22022100);南通市科技计划项目—社会民生重点项目“沿海滩涂稻麦周年高产高效技术集成与应用”(MS22021040);沿江所学科建设基金“基于滩涂青贮种植模式的构建与技术研发”[YJXK(2021)102];自然资源部滨海盐碱地生态改良与可持续利用工程技术创新中心开放课题“滨海盐碱地炭基作物促生菌剂开发研究”(HYCX202302)。

摘　　要：为研究不同种植年限和种植方式对沿海滩涂水产养殖复垦地区小麦种植的影响,明确滩涂小麦生长期间土壤盐分、pH和水分的动态变化规律。于2020年11月—2021年6月,在江苏省南通的野外基地试验田(32°16′16″N、121°25′8″E)开展试验,设置2个种植年限即小麦第1年种植(1Y)和第2年种植(2Y),2个种植方式即25 cm等行距条播常规种植方式(N)和30 cm+15 cm宽窄行种植方式(T),研究结果表明:(1)滩涂养殖复垦区小麦种植过程中1Y-T、1Y-N、2Y-T和2Y-N处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm的土壤盐分动态变化均表现为12月—翌年2月盐分变化比较平稳,3月下旬出现盐分达到最低值,之后随着温度升高出现返盐现象;同时,整体上小麦生长过程中在T处理下0~40 cm的土层盐分均高于N处理,1Y处理下0~40 cm土层盐分均高于2Y处理;(2)小麦种植过程中各处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm的土壤pH均具有相似的季节性变化特征;同时,整体上种植小麦过程中0~20 cm的土层pH均低于20~40 cm,0~20 cm的土层水分含量均高于20~40 cm;(3)整体上2Y相比1Y处理下小麦产量提高了2.68%,T处理相比N处理下小麦小区产量和理论产量分别降低了6.71%和8.03%(P<0.05);从产量构成因素分析,小麦2Y处理相比1Y处理的穗数增加了5.28%(P<0.05),小麦T处理相比N处理下小麦穗数降低了9.66%(P<0.05);然而,无论是不同种植年限还是种植方式处理下小麦穗粒数和千粒重均没有显著差异。研究发现,滩涂养殖复垦区小麦产量会随土壤盐分的降低而提高,可以在小麦种植期间进行生物秸秆覆盖等措施来控制土壤盐分变化。研究旨在为滩涂养殖复垦地区,发展稻茬麦种植合理控制土壤盐分及小麦生产管理提供理论依据。To study the effects of different planting years and planting methods on the yield and component factors of shoal wheat,and clarify the dynamic changes of soil salinity,pH and moisture during the growth of shoal wheat,the wheat planting experiment with planting years and planting methods were carried out from November 2021 to June 2022 in the cultivation reclamation area of tidal flats.Two planting years including wheat planting in the first year(1Y)and the second year(2Y),and two planting methods including 25 cm continuous row spacing conventional tillage(N)and 30 cm+15 cm wide and narrow row tillage(T)were set up in the experiment.The results showed that(1)the dynamic changes of soil salinity of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm under 1Y-T,1Y-N,2Y-T and 2Y-N treatments were relatively stable from December to February of the next year.The salinity reached the lowest value in late March,and then the salinity returned with the increase of temperature.At the same time,the salinity of 0-40 cm soil layer under T treatment was higher than that under N treatment,and the salinity of 0-40 cm soil layer under 1Y treatment was higher than that under 2Y treatment.(2)Soil pH values of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer under each treatment had similar seasonal variation characteristics during wheat planting.At the same time,the pH value of 0-20 cm soil layer was lower than that in 20-40 cm soil layer,and the moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer was higher than that in 20-40 cm soil layer.(3)Overall,the wheat yield under 2Y treatment was increased by 2.68%compared with that under 1Y treatment.The plot yield and theoretical yield under T treatment were decreased by 6.71%and 8.03%compared with that under N treatment(P<0.05).From the analysis of yield components,the panicle number of wheat under 2Y treatment was increased by 5.29%(P<0.05)compared with that under 1Y treatment,and the panicle number of wheat under T treatment was decreased by 9.67%(P<0.05)compared with that under N treatment.However,there were no significant differences in the

关 键 词：滩涂养殖复垦区 土壤盐分 滩涂利用 耐盐小麦 粮食安全 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学]