外来植物节节麦入侵过程中的生态位进化与入侵潜力研究  

Study on Ecological Niche Evolution and Invasion Potential During Invasion Process of Alien Plant Aegilops tauschii Coss.

作　　者：张春玲 杨毅哲 陈丽丽 陈瑜 王佳[1] 李欣迪 张献瑞 史岩 谢军 武艺凡 刘刚[1,3] ZHANG Chunling;YANG Yizhe;CHEN Lili;CHEN Yu;WANG Jia;LI Xindi;ZHANG Xianrui;SHI Yan;XIE Jun;WU Yifan;LIU Gang(College of life Sciences,Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119;Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environment Protection Workstation of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710003;Teaching Research Base of Ecology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,无人机生态遥感研究中心,西安710119 [2]陕西省耕地质量与农业环境保护工作站,西安710003 [3]陕西师范大学生态学教学科研基地,西安710119

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第29期120-130,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“入侵种粗毛牛膝菊向高海拔山地扩散的植物-AMF互作效应机制研究”(32271584);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目“外来植物粗毛牛膝菊入侵高海拔山地的AMF互作限制机制研究”(2020JM-286);陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项“陕西省外来物种入侵风险评估与防控策略研究”(2022HZ1795);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“外来入侵植物粗毛牛膝菊扩散过程中的土壤反馈机制研究”(GK202103072);陕西省科协决策咨询课题“陕西省外来入侵物种研究与生物安全体系建设”;西安市科协决策咨询课题“秦岭外来入侵植物防控与受损生态系统恢复”(202113)。

摘　　要：为了筑牢中国的生态安全屏障和保护生物多样性,防止节节麦大规模入侵和扩散带来的生态威胁,有必要采取综合防治措施并进行动态监测其入侵扩散趋势。基于节节麦在中国的预防和治理问题,本研究以节节麦为研究对象,利用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型分析了其在中国的潜在适生区范围,并采用主成分分析方法分析了节节麦在入侵中国过程中的气候生态位变化。利用生态位模型对节节麦的现状和潜在分布进行了分析,确定了节节麦在中国入侵风险最高的地区,如中国中部、福建南部、广东湛江、海南、新疆西南和塔城地区、西藏西部和东南部地区。影响其分布的主要生态因子为最干月份降水量(Bio14)和最暖季度平均温度(Bio10)。较高的生态位稳定性表明节节麦在入侵过程中处于生态保守状态,节节麦在中国的气候生态位与本土生态位之间的差异是由于生态位未填充导致的,入侵种群的气候生态位只是本土生态位的一个子集。In order to strengthen China's ecological security barrier and protect biodiversity,and to prevent the ecological threats posed by the large-scale invasion and spread of Aegilops tauschii Coss.,it is necessary to implement comprehensive control measures and dynamically monitor its invasion and spread trends.Based on the issues of prevention and management of A.tauschii in China,this study took A.tauschii as the research subject and utilized the Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)model to analyze its potential suitable habitat range in China.Furthermore,the study employed Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to examine the climatic ecological niche changes of A.tauschii during its invasion process into China.By using ecological niche modeling,this study analyzed the current status and potential distribution of A.tauschii,identified the regions in China with the highest risk of invasion by this species,such as central China,southern Fujian,Zhanjiang in Guangdong,Hainan,the southwest and Tacheng regions of Xinjiang,and the western and southeastern parts of Tibet.The main ecological factors influencing its distribution are the precipitation of the driest month(Bio14)and the mean temperature of the warmest quarter(Bio10).High ecological niche stability indicates that A.tauschii is in an ecologically conservative state during the invasion process.The difference between the climatic ecological niche of A.tauschii in China and its native ecological niche is due to the unfilled niche,where the climatic ecological niche of the invasive population is merely a subset of the native ecological niche.

关 键 词：生态位模型 生态位漂移 生态位保守性 入侵物种 入侵阶段 节节麦 潜在适生区 入侵风险 

分 类 号：S451.0[农业科学—植物保护]