菜豆种子硬实分析和破除研究  

Hardening Analysis and Breaking Studies of Snap Bean Seed

作　　者：孙靖雯 张光辉 刘畅[1] 冯国军[1] 刘大军[1] 闫志山[1] 杨晓旭 SUN Jingwen;ZHANG Guanghui;LIU Chang;FENG Guojun;LIU Dajun;YAN Zhishan;YANG Xiaoxu(College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第30期33-39,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划项目专项课题计划“主要蔬菜作物分子辅助育种决策与新品系培育研究”(SC2022ZX02C0202);农业农村部政府购买合同“普通菜豆种质资源品质性状鉴定”(19240656);2022年度省属高校基本科研业务费项目(2022-KYYWF-1071)。

摘　　要：为了探讨菜豆种子硬实形成的影响因素以及破除硬实方法,为菜豆种子硬实破除研究奠定基础。以菜豆‘盛冠’种子为试验材料,测定种皮成分、结构和酶活性以及通过干湿交替和机械处理测定发芽指标。结果显示,菜豆种皮成分(除了原花青素)对种子硬实性有显著影响;与非硬实种子相比,硬实种子各细胞层种皮更厚,种子和种皮的蛋白酶活性更低,而过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性更高。随干湿交替次数增加,硬实种子发芽指标呈上升趋势。干湿交替处理种子3次时,发芽势、活力指数和发芽指数分别是对照组的21倍、9倍和8倍。经机械处理后的硬实种子其发芽率、发芽势、活力指数和发芽指数分别是非硬实种子的1.07倍、3.4倍、4倍及3倍。研究发现,菜豆种子硬实受种皮成分、种皮结构和酶活性的影响,干湿处理使种子通透性增加,起到了打破种子休眠、促进种子萌发的效果,干湿交替处理3次和机械处理,均对菜豆种子萌发和破除硬实有显著积极影响。研究旨在筛选出高效破除种子硬实的方法,为农业生产中提高种子出苗率提供技术支撑。In order to explore the influencing factors on the formation of snap bean hard seed and the methods of hard seed breaking,and to lay the foundation for the research on the breaking hard seeds of snap bean.The seed coat composition,structure and enzyme activity were measured,and germination indexes were determined by alternating wet and dry and mechanical treatments,using the snap bean seeds‘Shengguan’as test material.The composition of snap bean seeds coat(except for proanthocyanidins)had a significant effect on seed hardness.Compared with non-hard seeds,hard seeds had thicker seed coats in all cell layers,lower protease activities and higher peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in seeds and seed coats.The germination indexes of hard seeds showed an increasing trend with the increase of the number of dry-wet alternation.The germination potential,vigor index and germination index were 21,9 and 8 times higher than those of the control group when the seeds were treated with alternating wet and dry for three times,respectively.The germination rate,germination potential,vigor index and germination index of mechanically treated hard seeds were 1.07 times,3.4 times,4 times and 3 times of those of non-hard seeds,respectively.The hardness of snap bean seeds was affected by seed coat composition,seed coat structure and enzyme activity;alternating wet and dry treatments for three times and mechanical treatments had significant positive effects on seed germination and breaking hard seeds from snap bean seeds.

关 键 词：菜豆 种子硬实 硬实破除 种皮成分 硬实性 

分 类 号：S643.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]