三叶虫萤的交配选择模式分析  

Analysis of Mating Selection Pattern of Emeia pseudosauteri

作　　者：鲁成朴 丁力行 陈小荣 吴素美 俞红芳 李金阳 郑强[1] 林植华[1] 樊晓丽[1] LU Chengpu;DING Lixing;CHEN Xiaorong;WU Sumei;YU Hongfang;LI Jinyang;ZHENG Qiang;LIN Zhihua;FAN Xiaoli(School of Ecology,Lishui University,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang;Qingyuan Conservation Center,Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang;Lishui Regional Tourism Development Center,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]丽水学院生态学院,浙江丽水323000 [2]钱江源-百山祖国家公园庆元保护中心,浙江丽水323000 [3]丽水市全域旅游发展中心,浙江丽水323000

出　　处：《丽水学院学报》2024年第5期41-51,共11页Journal of Lishui University

基　　金：丽水市科技局项目“百山祖国家公园萤火虫繁殖生活史特征多样性研究”(2021KFLY03)。

摘　　要：性选择是物种形成和进化的关键因素,交配选择是其中至关重要的组成部分,雌雄个体通过与较大体型配偶交配获利。本研究以三叶虫萤(Emeia pseudosauteri)为研究对象,通过检测其野外自然成功交配雌雄性二型、室内配偶选择雄萤间的形态差异,以及窝卵数与雌萤体质量、卵大小之间的相关性,来探讨三叶虫萤的交配选择机制。单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)结果表明:野外自然成功交配的三叶虫萤雌性个体的前胸背板宽、腹长和腹宽显著大于雄萤;雄萤的鞘翅长、复眼宽和发光器面积显著大于雌萤。进一步的主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)显示,前胸背板宽、腹长和腹宽在第1主成分有较高的正负载系数,鞘翅长、复眼宽和发光器面积有较高的负负载系数,这些特征共解释了62.3%的变异。在配对t检验(the paired t-test)中,室内交配成功雄萤个体的胸长显著大于交配失败雄萤个体。相关分析结果表明:三叶虫萤的交配潜伏期与雄萤鞘翅长、触角长呈较强的正相关,与腹长呈较强的负相关;交配持续时间与雄萤复眼宽呈较强的正相关,与雄萤全长和背板宽呈较强的负相关。三叶虫萤的窝卵数为2~79粒,平均值为26.9粒。回归分析结果显示,三叶虫萤雌性个体的窝卵数与体重呈显著的对数关系,而窝卵数与卵大小之间存在权衡关系。综合以上分析结果可知,三叶虫萤的交配模式不属于大小选型交配,其原因可能是雄萤性选择和雌萤生育力选择基本处于平衡状态。雌性萤火虫通过增大腹腔体积来提高个体生育力,而雄性萤火虫通过促进局部特征进化提高繁殖成功率。本研究结果将为三叶虫萤的繁殖生态学的进一步研究提供参考数据。Sexual selection is a key factor in species formation and evolution,with mating selection being a crucial component.Male and female individuals profit by mating with larger mates.This study took Emeia pseudosauteri as research object and investigated the mating selection pattern by examining sexual dimorphism in successful mating in the wild,morphological differences of males in mate selection indoors,and the correlation between clutch size and the weight and egg size of females.The results of one-way ANOVA revealed that pronotum width,abdomen length,and abdomen width of females were significantly larger than those of males in successful mating in the wild,while elytra length,compound eye width,and bioluminescent organ area of males were significantly larger than those of females.The results of the principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the pronotum width,abdomen length,and abdomen width had higher positive load coefficients in the first principal component,while the elytra length,compound eye width and bioluminescent organ area had higher negative load coefficients.Together,these features accounted for 62.3%of variation.In the paired t-tests,thorax length of males in successful mating was significantly larger than that of males in failed mating indoors.The results of correlation analysis indicated that mating latency of Emeia pseudosauteri was strongly positive correlated with elytra length and antennae length of males,and was strongly negative correlated with abdomen length.Mating duration was strongly positive correlated with compound eye width of males and strongly negative correlated with total length and pronotum width of males.The clutch size of Emeia pseudosauteri was ranged from 2 to 79,with an average of 26.9.The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant logarithmic relation between clutch size and weight of female Emeia pseudosauteri,and a significant linear relation between clutch size and egg size.The above analysis results showed that the mating pattern of Emeia pseu

关 键 词：三叶虫萤 性选择 交配选择 大小选型交配 生育力 

分 类 号：Q954.3[生物学—动物学]