澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域土地利用变化及生态环境质量演变  

Evolution of Land Use Change and Ecological Environment Quality in the Lancang-Mekong Transboundary River Basin

作　　者：沈盈佳 李灿松[1,2] 葛旭瑞 黄宇 刘宇斯 钱镜帆 SHEN Yingjia;LI Cansong;GE Xurui;HUANG Yu;LIU Yusi;QIAN Jingfan(Department of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;Southwest United Graduate School,Kunming 650092,China;National Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Re�sources,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of International Relations,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,云南昆明650500 [2]西南联合研究生院,云南昆明650092 [3]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京100101 [4]云南大学国际关系研究院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期178-190,共13页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42101231);云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX02)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域土地利用变化及生态环境质量地域分异。【方法】运用动态度模型和地学信息图谱理论,基于Global Land 30、全球30 m精细地表覆盖数据集等,分析澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域在2000—2010年和2010—2020年2个时序单元的土地利用变化;构建生态环境质量评价体系,采用探索性空间数据分析方法探究其分异。【结果】澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域土地利用类型变动速率差异明显;在图谱空间中,长期稳定型的分布最广,图谱变化类型呈片状零散分布;2000—2020年,研究区土地利用类型转移呈多样性和不均衡性,林地为主要转出类型,贡献了总转出面积的46%以上。2000—2010年,研究区不同土地利用类型空间呈南北弱、中间强的散点分散格局;2010—2020年,则呈南北强、中间弱的片状集中格局,且不同类型的涨落势具有显著的相似性。生态环境质量空间格局总体呈南高北低的片状分布,具有较弱的空间正相关性,生态环境发展水平的空间俱乐部收敛特征显著性较低。【结论】澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域土地利用具有图谱变化稳定性、地域分异国别性和生态质量差异性,耕地和草地转变为林地有助于改善生态环境,但林地转为耕地以及城镇化导致了生态环境恶化。[Purpose]To investigate the spatial differentiation of land use changes and ecological environment quality in the Lancang-Mekong transboundary river basin.[Methods]Using land use dynamic degree and geoinformation mapping theory,land use changes in the Lancang-Mekong transboundary river basin during two distinct periods(2000-2010 and 2010-2020)were analyzed based on the Global Land 30 dataset and high-resolution 30 m surface cover data.An ecological environment quality evaluation system was developed,and exploratory spatial data analysis was employed to investigate its spatial differentiation.[Results]The differences in the rate of land use changes of the Lancang-Mekong transboundary basin were obvious.In the spatial analysis,long-term stable land types had the broadest distribution,while changes appeared as scattered patches.During 2000-2020,land use transitions in the study area showed marked diversity and imbalance.Forest accounted for over 46%of total area changes,serving as the primary type of land conversion.During 2000-2010,the spatial distribution of land use types followed a weak north-south,strong central scattered pattern;during 2010-2020,the spatial distribution of land use types followed a strong north-south and weak central patchy concentration,with different types exhibiting similar fluctuation trends.The ecological environment quality showed a general south-to-north gradient,with weak spatial positive correlation.However,the spatial convergence of ecological development levels was low in significance.[Conclusion]Land use in the Lancang-Mekong transboundary basin displays stability in change patterns,national differentiation in spatial characteristics,and noticeable disparities in ecological quality.The conversion of cropland and grassland to forest enhances ecological conditions,while forest conversion to cropland and urbanization contribute to environmental degradation.

关 键 词：土地利用 地学信息图谱 生态环境质量 澜沧江—湄公河跨境流域 

分 类 号：U412.14[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]