易危植物大喇叭杜鹃的传粉生物学研究  

Study on pollination biology of the vulnerable plant Rhododendron excellens

作　　者：田晓玲 陶飘飘 黄承玲[2] 张长芹[3] TIAN Xiaoling;TAO Piaopiao;HUANG Chengling;ZHANG Changqin(Guiyang Institute of Humanities and Technology,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China;Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳人文科技学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州民族大学生态环境与工程学院,贵阳550025 [3]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650201

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第11期1820-1827,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：乡村振兴科技专项-科技特派团(队)——云南省宜良县苗木产业科技特派团项目(202404BI090014);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般035);贵州特色杜鹃品种选育关键技术集成研究项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨大喇叭杜鹃野外自然种群的传粉及繁殖生物学特征,为小种群物种的保护提供一定的理论依据。【方法】在野外条件下,通过研究大喇叭杜鹃花部特征、传粉昆虫及访花特性、花气味、繁育系统揭示其传粉及繁殖生物学特性。【结果】(1)相比已经报道的杜鹃花属广布物种,大喇叭杜鹃花粉活力较低,而柱头活力强,持续时间较长。(2)大喇叭杜鹃白天的主要传粉昆虫为中华蜜蜂;花朵主要挥发物1,8-桉叶素可能夜间吸引蛾类传粉。(3)大喇叭杜鹃繁育系统属于自交亲和、异交、需要传粉者。【结论】大喇叭杜鹃的花部形态有避免主动自交的趋势,同时花粉活力低,但持续强的柱头可授性可能是植物适应传粉效率较低的一种策略。传粉昆虫白天以中华蜜蜂为主,夜间可能有蛾类传粉,其繁育系统为自交亲和,在向兼性混合交配模式发展。[Objective]The purpose of this study is to explore the pollination biology and reproductive characteristics of Rhododendron excellens,providing a theoretical basis for the conservation of small population species.[Methods]In the field,the pollination and reproduction biology of R.excellens were studied by studying the floral characteristics,pollinating insects,flower visiting characteristics,flower odor,and breeding system.[Results](1)Unlike widespread Rhododendron species,pollen vitality of R.excellens was low whereas stigma vitality was strong,with a longer duration.(2)The main pollinating insect was Apis cerana in the daytime.The main volatile was 1,8-cineole that attracts moths for pollinating at night.(3)Through hand pollination,it was found that R.excellens breeding system was self-compatible with dominant out-crossing.[Conclusion]The flower morphology of R.excellens tends to avoid active self-pollination and have low pollen viability,but sustained strong stigma receptivity may be a strategy to adapt to low pollination efficiency.The main pollinating insect is A.cerana in the daytime,while moth pollination at night cannot be excluded.Its breeding system is self-compatible and is evolving towards a facultatively mixing mating system.

关 键 词：大喇叭杜鹃 传粉生物学 繁育系统 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]