农民主体视角下农业转型的实践困境及其突破  

The Practical Dilemma and Breakthrough of Agricultural Transformation from the Perspective of Farmers as the Subjects

作　　者：尹辉煌 Yin Huihuang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院博士后流动站,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《天府新论》2024年第6期111-121,157,共12页New Horizons from Tianfu

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(编号:22&ZD173)。

摘　　要：农业转型是中国农业农村现代化的有机组成部分,研究不能脱离“三农”问题的整体视域。在乡村振兴的背景下,国家政策支持的农业转型旨在实现村庄内生发展。经验表明,农业转型的关键是有市场竞争能力的农业经营主体。这对农户而言是一次“惊险的跳跃”,其失败会透支村庄的经济积累、社会关系和治理秩序。农户在补贴政策激励下转换生计模式,结果遭遇农业经营风险。农民行动伦理可能支撑农民理性扩张,也可能掩盖、维持农民非理性。在收支的低度计算、同居共财的家庭经济和熟人社会的关系支持的作用下,农业经营风险并未降低,但却被分摊和模糊化。这说明当下产业振兴政策应当回到我国《乡村振兴促进法》的原则性规定,发挥基层政府的自主性,坚持农民的主体地位,尊重市场规律。Agricultural transformation is an integral part of China′s agricultural and rural modernization,and the research on it cannot be separated from the issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural people.In the context of rural vitalization,agricultural transformation supported by state policies aims to achieve endogenous development of villages.Experiences have shown that the key to agricultural transformation lies in a market-competitive agricultural management subject,which is a “thrilling leap” for farmers,and its failure will overdraw the economic accumulation,social relationships and governance order of the village.Under the incentive of this subsidy policy,farmers have switched their livelihood models,but as a result,they have encountered agricultural management risks.The farmers′ ethics of action may support the expansion of farmers′rationality,or it may conceal and maintain their irrationality.Under the role of low calculation of income and expenditure,the family economy of cohabitation and common wealth,and the relational support of the acquaintance society,agricultural management risks have not been reduced,but have been shared and blurred.This indicates that the current industrial vitalization policy should return to the principle provisions ofTheR ural Vitalization Promotion Law of the People′s Republic of China,give full play to the autonomy of the grassroots government,adhere to the dominant position of farmers and respect the law of the market.

关 键 词：农业转型 透支经济 农民行动伦理 农民理性 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]