英国城镇周边乡村景观分布及其成因研究——以拉夫堡为例  

Research on the Distribution and Causes of Rural Landscape Around British Towns:Taking Loughborough as an Example

作　　者：包雷 谷光灿[1] BAO Lei;GU Guangcan

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院

出　　处：《小城镇建设》2024年第11期47-54,共8页DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL CITIES & TOWNS

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“巴渝传统场镇景观价值识别及活态保护研究”(编号:51978094)。

摘　　要：我国的乡村景观建设正处于从“补短板”走向“高质量发展”的关键期。但乡村景观在城市化扩张、乡村规划不完善、农民生产生活方式改变等影响下呈现出无序发展的状态。乡村景观的表象与分布,反映了人与自然的历史相互关系及规划干预作用、内涵其形成的本质。英国在乡村景观的规划发展和历史保护方面独具特色,对我国乡村规划具有启示意义。本文采用案例研究法,对拉夫堡周边乡村景观进行分类并研究其分布,分析不同景观类型的成因。研究发现,景观具有城乡融合度高、美学协调、文化特征保留完善等特点。其形成不仅在历史上与圈地运动、工业革命、大学建立等事件有关,还在规划控制上与聚落隔离政策、楔形绿地和隔离绿地规划等有关。China's rural landscape construction is at a critical juncture,transitioning from'addressing shortcomings'to'pursuing high-quality development'.However,the rural landscape has exhibited disordered development due to factors such as urban expansion,imperfect rural planning,and changes in farmers'production and lifestyle.The appearance and distribution of rural landscapes mirror the historical interplay between humans and nature,as well as the impact of planning interventions,encapsulating the essence of their formation.The United Kingdom is distinctive in its approach to rural landscape planning,development,and historic preservation,offering insights for rural planning in China.This study employs a case study method to classify the rural landscape around Loughborough and examine its distribution,further analyzing the causes of different landscape types.The research reveals that the landscape is characterized by high urban-rural integration,aesthetic harmony,and well-preserved cultural features.Its formation is intricately linked to historical events such as the Enclosure Movement,the Industrial Revolution,and the establishment of universities.Additionally,it is influenced by planning controls,including settlement segregation policies,green wedges,and areas of local separation planning.

关 键 词：城镇 乡村规划 英国乡村景观 拉夫堡 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]