不同次级声源布放下汽车路噪有源降噪头靠中的人耳定位精度要求  

Accuracy requirements for ear-positioning in active noise control headrests for automobile road noise with different secondary source configurations

作　　者：江豪 李航[1] 陶建成[1] JIANG Hao;LI Hang;TAO Jiancheng(Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics and Institute of Acoustics,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093)

机构地区：[1]南京大学声学研究所近代声学教育部重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《声学学报》2024年第6期1255-1263,共9页Acta Acustica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11874218,12274221)资助。

摘　　要：研究了汽车座舱内使用有源降噪头靠降低路噪时人头位置偏移对降噪效果的影响。基于自由场刚性球声散射模型,建立了降噪性能分析模型,并通过数值仿真对比了使用头枕扬声器和座椅扬声器作为次级声源时人头平动和转动对降噪量的影响,拟合得到人头活动后降噪量的预测公式,讨论了人耳定位精度的要求。最后,在50 km/h行驶的电动汽车中进行实验验证,分析了人头平动与转动对降噪效果的影响,并提出了人耳定位系统的精度要求。结果表明,人头偏离初始位置会导致降噪效果下降,频率越高、距离变化越大,降噪量损失越显著;使用头枕扬声器时,定位精度要求更高。当初始降噪量为9.3 dBA且允许损失不超过3.0 dBA时,定位精度应高于1.6 cm和5.9°。This paper investigates the impact of head movement on the performance in reducing road noise inside a vehicle cabin using active noise control headrests.Based on the rigid sphere scattering model in free space,a performance analysis model for active noise control headrests is established.Numerical simulations are conducted to compare the noise reduction losses caused by the translation and rotation of the rigid sphere when using headrest speakers or seat speakers as secondary sources.Additionally,an empirical formula is developed to predict the noise reduction losses due to head movement,and the accuracy requirements for ear-positioning are discussed.Finally,road test results in an electric car running at a constant speed of 50 km/h validate the simulation findings.The experiment analyzes the noise reduction at the ears due to head translation and rotation and provides accuracy requirements for an in-vehicle ear-positioning system.The results show that head deviation from the initial position leads to a decrease in noise reduction,with greater losses observed at higher frequencies,larger relative distance changes to the secondary sources,and higher initial noise reduction levels.When using headrest speakers as secondary sources,the accuracy requirements for ear-positioning are higher.If the initial noise reduction is 9.3 dBA and the allowable noise reduction loss is within 3.0 dBA,the ear-positioning system should maintain a translational accuracy better than 1.6 cm and a rotational accuracy better than 5.9°.

关 键 词：汽车路噪 有源降噪头靠 人头活动 人耳定位 

分 类 号：U467.493[机械工程—车辆工程]