复合改良措施对喀斯特山区退化天然草地土壤性质和植被特征的影响  

The impact of composite improvement measures on soil properties and vegetation characteristics of degraded natural grasslands in Karst mountainous areas

作　　者：孙波[1] 吴瑛 周大荣 彭华 李嫦燕 饶蓉 张守文 宋德荣 郭振刚 吴佳海[7] SUN Bo;WU Ying;ZHOU Darong;PENG Hua;LI Changyan;RAO Rong;ZHANG Shouwen;SONG Derong;GUO Zhengang;WU Jiahai(Bijie Vocational and Technical College,Bijie 551700,Guizhou,China;Bijie Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Research Institute,Bijie 551700,Guizhou,China;Hezhang County Ecological Animal Husbandry Development Center,Hezhang 553200,Guizhou,China;Hezhang County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Hezhang 553200,Guizhou,China;Hezhang County Quality Improvement Station,Hezhang 553200,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Xinwumeng Ecological Animal Husbandry Development Co.,Ltd.,Hezhang 553200,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]毕节职业技术学院,贵州毕节551700 [2]毕节市畜牧兽医科学研究所,贵州毕节551700 [3]赫章县生态畜牧业发展中心,贵州赫章553200 [4]赫章县动物疫病预防控制中心,贵州赫章553200 [5]赫章县品改站,贵州赫章553200 [6]贵州新乌蒙生态牧业发展有限公司,贵州赫章553200 [7]贵州省农业科学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第10期2263-2274,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项(黔科合服企[2021]12-03号);毕节市数字农业育训人才团队项目(毕人领通[2021]12号)。

摘　　要：复合改良措施对促进退化天然草地生态系统恢复至关重要。为探明不同复合改良措施对喀斯特山区退化天然草地的改良效果,本研究通过野外调查、理化分析和高通量测序等手段,分析施肥+打孔+补播、施肥+绵羊宿营+补播、施肥+切根+补播、无改良对照(CK)处理下喀斯特山区退化天然草地土壤性质和植被特征差异。结果表明:1)相较CK,3种改良处理的土壤全氮、全钾、速效钾均显著提高(P<0.05),铵态氮和硝态氮显著降低(P<0.05),土壤脲酶活性均显著提高(P<0.05);土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物生物量磷含量有一定提升,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)相较CK,3种改良处理的真菌丰富度Chao指数显著提高(P<0.05),而细菌Simpson指数显著降低(P<0.05)。3)相较CK,3种改良处理的物种丰富度、产草量(青)和豆科牧草比例均显著提高(P<0.05),杂类草牧草比例极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上可知,3种改良处理均能在一定程度上改善退化天然草地的土壤肥力、草群结构和产草量,但在今后推广实践中还需综合考虑最佳施肥量、补播量和人工投入成本等因素。Composite improvement measures play a crucial role in promoting ecosystem restoration of degraded natural grasslands.We studied the differences in the soil properties and vegetation characteristics under different treatments,i.e.,organic fertilizer+land drill+complementary seeding,organic fertilizer+sheep camping+complementary seeding,organic fertilizer+cutting root+complementary seeding and control(CK),through field investigation,physicochemical analysis,and high-throughput sequencing technology to explore the impact of different composite improvement measures on the soil properties and vegetation characteristics of degraded natural grasslands in karst mountainous areas.The results indicated that:1)Compared to CK,the total nitrogen,total potassium,and available potassium in the soil under the three treatments were significantly increased(P<0.05),and soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Soil urease activity was significantly increased(P<0.05).Although the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,and microbial biomass phosphorus increased to certain degrees,the difference was not significant(P>0.05).2)Compared with CK,the Chao index of fungal richness significantly increased(P<0.05),while the Simpson index significantly decreased(P<0.05).3)Compared with CK,species richness,grass yield(green),and the proportion of leguminous forage significantly increased(P<0.05),and the proportion of miscellaneous grass decreased significantly(P<0.01).In summary,the three composite improvement measures could,to some extent,improve the soil fertility of degraded natural grasslands,the structure of grass communities,and grass yield.However,it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the optimal fertilization amount,complementary seeding amount,and labor cost in future promotional practices.

关 键 词：施肥 补播 打孔 绵羊宿营 切根 微生物 植被群落 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]