土壤水分和植株密度互作对紫花苜蓿营养品质的影响  

The combined effects of soil moisture and plant density on the nutritional quality of alfalfa

作　　者：张振洲 吴征江 李春阳 蒋朝 武文莉 刘慧霞[1] ZHANG Zhenzhou;WU Zhengjiang;LI Chunyang;JIANG Zhao;WU Wenli;LIU Huixia(College of Life Science and Engineering,Northwest University for Nationalities,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Department of Chemistry and Life Science,Gansu Normal University for Nationalities,Hezuo 747000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃民族师范学院化学与生命科学系,甘肃合作747000

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第10期2345-2354,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160339);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(31920220135);国家民委中青年英才项目。

摘　　要：为探究土壤水分和种植密度对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)营养品质的影响,采用双因素盆栽试验,分析了土壤水分梯度(W1:85%~90%,W_(2):75%~80%,W3:60%~65%,W_(4):35%~40%土壤田间饱和含水量)和植株密度(D_(1):10株·盆^(-1),D_(2):15株·盆^(-1),D3:20株·盆^(-1))交互作用对紫花苜蓿粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(CA)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、无氮浸出物(NFE)及相对饲用价值(RFV)的影响。结果表明:紫花苜蓿CP、EE、NFE及RFV在W_(2)处理下显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);CF、NDF、ADF及CA在W_(2)处理下显著低于其他处理;CP、RFV随植株密度的增加而降低;EE、CA随植株密度的增加而升高,EE在D_(1)、D_(2)处理下差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于D3处理,CA在D_(1)处理下显著低于其他处理;CF、NDF及ADF随植株密度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中CF在D_(2)处理下显著低于其他处理;NFE随植株密度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,其D_(1)、D_(2)处理间差异不显著,但均显著高于D3;土壤水分和植株密度互作对各项指标均无显著影响。在W_(2)土壤水分下,紫花苜蓿获得较高的CP(22.40%)、EE(3.40%)、NFE(27.04%)和RFV(151.24%),较低的CF(36.26%)、NDF(40.23%)、ADF(30.53%)和CA(10.91%);在D_(2)处理下,紫花苜蓿获得较高的NFE(27.52%)和较低的CF(37.79%)。综合考虑,当土壤水分在饱和含水量的60%~80%,植株密度为15株·盆^(-1)时,紫花苜蓿营养品质达到最佳。这一结果为紫花苜蓿田的水分和种植密度耦合管理技术提供了参考。A dual-factor pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil moisture and planting density on the nutritional quality of alfalfa.We analyzed the interactive effects of soil moisture gradients(W1:85%~90%,W_(2):75%~80%,W3:60%~65%,W_(4):35%~40%of soil field capacity)and plant density(D_(1):10 plants per pot,D_(2):15 plants per pot,D3:20 plants per pot)on crude protein,ether extract,crude ash,crude fiber,neutral detergent fibers,acidic detergent fibers,nitrogen-free extract,and relative forage value of alfalfa.We found that the CP,EE,NFE,and RFV of alfalfa were significantly higher under W_(2)treatment compared with other treatments.The CF,NDF,ADF,and CA levels were significantly lower in W_(2)treatment compared with those in other treatments.The CP and RFV decreased with increasing plant density.EE and CA increased with increasing plant density,with EE being significantly lower in the D_(1)and D_(2)treatments than in the D3 treatment.CA was significantly lower in D_(1)treatment compared with other treatments.CF,NDF,and ADF showed a trend of initial increase and then decrease with increasing plant density,with CF being significantly lower in D_(2)treatment compared with other treatments.The nitrogen-free extract first increased and then decreased with increasing plant density,with no significant difference between the D_(1)and D_(2)treatments,but significantly higher than the D3 treatment.There was no significant interaction between soil moisture and plant density for any parameter.Under W_(2)soil moisture conditions,alfalfa had higher levels of CP(22.40%),EE(3.40%),NFE(27.04%),and RFV(151.24%)and lower levels of CF(36.26%),NDF(40.23%),ADF(30.53%),and CA(10.91%).Under the D_(2)treatment,alfalfa obtained a higher nitrogenfree extract(27.52%)and lower CF(37.79%).Overall,when the soil moisture ranged from 60%to 80%of field capacity and the planting density was 15 plants per pot,the nutritional quality of alfalfa reached its optimum level.Our findings provide a reference for coupled management techniques

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 种植密度 土壤含水量 营养成分 适口性 消化率 相对饲喂价值 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]