4种饲草种子在不同浓度盐胁迫下的萌发特性和产量  

Effects of salt stress on seed germination and yields of four forage species

作　　者：曹仕龙 廖暑杰 胡龙兴[1,2] 马光婧 谢燕 CAO Shilong;LIAO Shujie;HU Longxing;MA Guangjing;XIE Yan(Prataculture Science,College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院草业科学系,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第10期2355-2367,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32102431、32001394);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(No.XDA26050201)。

摘　　要：为合理利用盐碱地,发展优质饲草作物甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、燕麦(Avena sativa)和小黑麦(×Triticosecale Wittmack)的产业化种植,满足种植户和农场的选择需要,本研究采用培养皿纸上发芽试验和盐池试验研究了不同浓度梯度(0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%、0.7%、0.8%、0.9%、1.0%)NaCl胁迫对4种饲草种子萌发及产量的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高,4种饲草种子相对发芽势、相对发芽率和发芽指数均受到不同程度的抑制,且盐浓度越高抑制越明显。通过计算耐盐半致死浓度发现,甜高粱种子萌发时的耐盐性最好,其次为紫花苜蓿、小黑麦和燕麦。盐池试验结果表明,随着盐浓度的升高,小黑麦、甜高粱和燕麦的鲜重和干重产量总体呈下降趋势。NaCl浓度增加到0.2%时,甜高粱和小黑麦的鲜重显著低于对照,燕麦在NaCl浓度为0.3%时,鲜重显著低于对照。基于不同浓度盐胁迫对4种饲草种子萌发特性和产量的研究,能更好地发挥4种牧草的耐盐作用,为进一步的品种改良提供指导。In order to make rational use of saline land,promote the industrialization of Sorghum bicolor(sweet sorghum),Medicago sativa(alfalfa),Avena sativa(oat),and×Triticosecale Wittmack(triticale),and meet the selection needs of farmers,this study investigated the effects of different concentration gradients of NaCl(0,0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%,0.6%,0.7%,0.8%,0.9%,and 1.0%)on the germination and yields of four different forage species using a salt ponding test on filter papers and in a saline-alkali soil.The results showed that the relative germination potential,relative germination rate,and germination index were inhibited with the increase of salt concentration.The relationship between the relative germination potential or relative germination rate and salt concentration was hyperbolic.By calculating the half-lethal salt tolerance,sweet sorghum seeds were found to have the best salt tolerance during germination,followed by alfalfa,triticale,and oats.The results of the salt-ponding test showed that,with an increase in salt concentration,the fresh and dry weight yields per hectare of triticale,sweet sorghum,and oats showed overall downward trends.When the NaCl concentration increased to 0.2%,the fresh weights of sweet sorghum and triticale were significantly lower compared with the corresponding control treatments.When the NaCl concentration was 0.3%,the fresh weight of oats was also significantly lower compared with the control treatment.This study on the germination characteristics and yields of four forage grasses under different concentrations of NaCl provides a better understanding of the salt tolerance of the forage grasses as well as guidance for further variety improvement.

关 键 词：甜高粱 紫花苜蓿 小黑麦 燕麦 饲草 耐盐性 发芽率 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]