不同粒径火山岩与牛粪秸秆腐熟料育苗基质利用及效果分析  

Utilization and Effect Analysis of Seedling Substrate of Volcanic Rock With Different Particle Size and Cow Dung Straw

作　　者：解明浩 陈国双[2] 朴世领[1] 刘东旭 李晨 XIE Minghao;CHEN Guoshuang;PIAO Shiling;LIU Dongxu;LI Chen(College of Agriculture,Yanbian University,Yanji,Jilin 133002;Institute of Northeast Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130102)

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第20期73-82,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项资助项目(XDA28080400,XDA23070503)。

摘　　要：以油菜为试材,采用穴盘育苗技术,研究不同粒径火山岩与牛粪秸秆腐熟料复配对基质的物理特性、化学特性及对油菜生长发育的影响,以期达到替代草炭的目的。结果表明:A组处理(>5 mm粒径)与B组处理(3~5 mm粒径)火山岩基质品质优于CK,且A1处理组基质品质最高;C1、C2处理组培育油菜效果均优于其他处理组,D组处理(<1 mm粒径)火山岩基质均比CK品质差,不同粒径火山岩基质育苗效果不同,1~3 mm粒径火山岩更适用于培育油菜,添加10%~30%(1~3 mm、3~5 mm、>5 mm及以上)火山岩均可以作为育苗基质材料,均能改善基质本身养分与物理特性。容重的大小随着火山岩粒径的减少而增加,随着火山岩添加量的增加而减少,但1 mm以下粒径火山岩随着添加量的增加而增大。通气孔隙度随着粒径与添加量的增大而增大,持水孔隙度随着粒径与添加量的增大而减少,但总孔隙度不会随着粒径大小与添加量变化而变化。同体积配比基质养分含量呈下降趋势。在之后培育幼苗过程中,要根据幼苗生长发育的需求添加不同粒径与不同比例火山岩。Taking rape as the test material,the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate and the effect on the growth and development of rape were studied by using plug seedling technique,in order to achieve the goal of replacing peat.The results showed that the matrix quality of group A(>5 mm grain size)and group B(3-5 mm grain size)was better than CK,and the matrix quality of Group A1 was the highest.The effect of C1 and C2 treatments was better than that of other treatments.The quality of D(<1 mm grain size)volcanic rock matrix was worse than CK,and the effect of different grain size volcanic rock matrix was different,1-3 mm grain size volcanic rock was more suitable for breeding rape.Adding 10%-30%(1-3 mm,3-5 mm,>5 mm)volcanic rock could be used as seedling substrate material,which could improve the nutrient and physical properties of the substrate itself.The bulk density increased with the decrease of the size of volcanic rock,and decreased with the increase of the amount of volcanic rock added,but the size of volcanic rock less than 1 mm increased with the increase of the amount of volcanic rock added.The aeration porosity increased with the increase of particle size and addition,and the water-holding porosity decreased with the increase of particle size and addition,but the total porosity did not change with the change of particle size and addition.The nutrient content of substrate with the same volume ratio showed a decreasing trend.In the process of seedling cultivation,different size and different proportion of volcanic rock should be added according to the nutrient demand of the seedling.

关 键 词：草炭 火山岩 育苗基质 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]