从“费用分担”到“责任分担”:美欧关系的不确定前景  

From“Cost Sharing”to“Responsibility Sharing”:Uncertain Prospect of US-Europe Relations

作　　者：宋芳 Song Fang

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)国际战略研究院

出　　处：《现代国际关系》2024年第10期26-45,134,共21页

基　　金：2022年度中央党校(国家行政学院)校级科研项目“欧洲战略自主与美欧同盟关系走向研究”(项目编号:2022QN047)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：负担分担是美欧同盟中的恒久问题,主要涉及“费用分担”与“责任分担”。特朗普政府时期,“费用分担”矛盾凸显;拜登政府则更强调“责任分担”,以实现其“竞赢”中国的战略目标。乌克兰危机促使美欧双方在“费用分担”上达成基本共识,但“责任分担”的紧迫性随之上升。从强调经济资源的共同承担转向更为广泛的共同安全责任的分担,体现了美国战略重点的转移和对欧洲盟友角色期待的提升。然而,欧洲对美国期望的“责任分担”的回应相对有限。美欧同盟内部的“责任分担”以及双方关系的未来发展,将受双方战略协调程度及多重复杂因素影响。Burden-sharing is a persistent issue in the US–Europe alliance,mainly involving“cost sharing”and“responsibility sharing.”During the Trump administration,the contradiction of“cost sharing”was prominent.The Biden administration places more emphasis on“responsibility sharing”to achieve its strategic goal of out-competing China.The Ukraine crisis has prompted the US and Europe to reach a consensus on“cost sharing,”but the urgency of“responsibility sharing”has subsequently increased.The shift from emphasizing the joint undertaking of economic resources to the sharing of broader common security responsibilities reflects the shift in the US strategic focus and the elevation of expectations for the role of European allies.However,Europe's response to the“responsibility sharing”expected by the United States is relatively limited.The“responsibility sharing”within the US–Europe alliance and the future development of their relationship will be influenced by the degree of strategic coordination between the two sides and multiple complex factors.

关 键 词：费用分担 责任分担 美欧同盟 中美竞争 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D85[政治法律—外交学]