2008—2022年张家港市学校传染病流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases in schools in Zhangjiagang City from 2008 to 2022

作　　者：沈艳[1] 姚轶男 刘宇畅[1] 季燕 李敏 姚海萍 SHEN Yan;YAO Yinan;LIU Yuchang;JI Yan;LI Min;YAO Haiping(Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Division,Zhangjiagang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhangjiagang,Jiangsu 215600,China)

机构地区：[1]张家港市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,江苏张家港215600

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第14期1956-1959,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：江苏省张家港市医学重点学科(张卫科教[2016]7号);江苏省张家港市卫生青年科技项目(ZJGQNKJ202318)。

摘　　要：目的分析2008—2022年张家港市学校(含托幼机构)传染病流行特征,为预防和控制学校传染病、降低发病水平提供参考依据。方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的2008—2022年张家港市学校(含托幼机构)传染病资料进行分析。结果2008—2022年,张家港市学校(含托幼机构)传染病累计报告25种30817例,年平均发病率为1136.89/10万,发病率总体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势=4502.819,P<0.05)。累计报告病例居前5位的病种分别是手足口病、水痘、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎和猩红热,占报告总数的96.52%(29745/30817)。发病时间呈明显的双峰分布,第1个高峰在5—6月,第2个高峰在10月至次年1月。男性发病率高于女性,性别比为1.34∶1,其中托幼组报告病例数最多,累计报告15544例,占50.44%。呼吸道传染病报告发病数最多,累计报告9种16327例,占总报告病例数的52.98%。结论张家港市学校传染病防控应以幼托机构和小学为重点,加强手足口病、水痘、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎和猩红热等常见传染病的针对性防控措施,提高疫苗接种覆盖率,探索建立数据共享机制,实现学校传染病发病趋势的短期预警预测。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases in schools(including kindergartens)in Zhangjiagang City from 2008 to 2022,providing a reference basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools and aiming to reduce the incidence level.Methods The descriptive methods were adopted to analyze the infectious disease data of schools(including kindergartens)in Zhangjiagang City,which were reported in the Chinese disease prevention and control information system from 2008 to 2022.Results From 2008 to 2022,a total of 30817 cases of 25 kinds of infectious diseases were reported in schools(including kindergartens)in Zhangjiagang City.The average annual incidence rate was 1136.89/100000,and the overall incidence rate showed an upward trend(rena=4502.819,P<0.05).The top five reported diseases with cumulative reported cases were hand-foot-and-mouth disease,varicella,influenza,mumps,and scarlet fever,accounting for 96.52%of the total reported cases 96.52%(29745/30817).The occurrence of infectious diseases exhibited a distinct bimodal distribution,with the first peak observed in May to June and the second peak occurring from October to January of the following year.The incidence rate among males was higher than females,with a gender ratio of 1.34:1.Among the reported cases,the highest number of cases was observed in the kindergarten group,which 15544 cases were reported,accounting for 50.44%.The respiratory infectious diseases had the highest number of reported cases,with a total of 16327 cases in nine different diseases,representing 52.98%of the overall reported cases.Conclusion The prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools of Zhangjiagang City should focus on kindergartens and primary schools,strengthen targeted prevention and control measures for common infectious diseases such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease,chicken pox,influenza,mumps and scarlet fever,improve vaccination coverage,explore and establish a data sharing mechanism,and achieve short-term early warning

关 键 词：学校 传染病 发病率 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]