加拿大一枝黄花入侵中国过程中的气候生态位变化  

Changes of climate niche of Solidago canadensis during its invasion in China

作　　者：张献瑞 李欣迪 陈瑜 张春玲 王佳[1] 宋兴江 宋宇航 刘刚[1,2] ZHANG Xianrui;LI Xindi;CHEN Yu;ZHANG Chunling;WANG Jia;SONG Xingjiang;SONG Yuhang;LIU Gang(Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing,College of Life Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China;Teaching Research Base of Ecology,Shaanxi Normal Universily,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,无人机生态遥感研究中心,西安710119 [2]陕西师范大学生态学教学科研基地,西安710119

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第10期2707-2714,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271584);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JM-286);陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项(2022HZ1795);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(GK202103072);陕西省科协决策咨询课题(202114);西安市科协决策咨询课题(202113)资助。

摘　　要：生态位保守性是预测外来物种入侵风险的关键。目前对于加拿大一枝黄花在其入侵过程中的气候生态位变化尚不明确。本文采用主成分分析的方法研究了加拿大一枝黄花入侵中国过程中的气候生态位变化,分析其在中国的潜在分布。结果表明:加拿大一枝黄花在入侵中国的过程中具有显著的生态位保守性特点(稳定指数为0.776),但其入侵地与原产地种群间的气候生态位存在显著差异。这种差异主要是因为其在中国的气候生态位存在较高的生态位未填充(未填充指数为0.818),同时其在中国的气候生态位也出现了一定程度的扩展(扩展指数为0.224),这表明加拿大一枝黄花在中国的入侵扩散远未达到饱和,仍有巨大的扩散潜力。因此,加拿大一枝黄花在入侵中国后气候生态位主要呈保守状态,但也存在一定程度的漂移。加拿大一枝黄花在中国华东、华中、华南和西南地区主要处于稳定入侵阶段,而在中国北部和西部处于局域适应阶段,这些区域是针对该种开展防控的重点区域。最干月份降水量和最冷季度平均温度是影响加拿大一枝黄花分布的主要气候因素,在入侵中国的过程中,加拿大一枝黄花气候生态位向最冷季度平均温度更高、干旱季节更干燥、暖湿季节降水更多的区域移动。加拿大一枝黄花具备强大的适应能力,生态位的扩展可能促使其进一步扩大在中国的入侵范围。Niche conservatism is essential for predicting the risk of alien species invasions.Currently,the changes of climate niche of Solidago canadensis during its invasion in China are still not clear.Using principal component analysis,we examined the climate niche shifts of S.canadensis during its invasion and analyzed its potential distribution in China.The results showed that,throughout its invasion in China,S.canadensis retained the climate niche characteristics of its native range(Stability index:0.776),exhibiting strong niche conservatism.However,there were notable differences between the climate niches of the invasive and native populations.Such differences were primarily caused by the high level of niche unfilling(Unfilling index:O.818)in its climate niche.Moreover,a certain degree of niche expansion(Expansion index:0.224)was observed.These indicated that the invasion of this species was far from saturation and still had significant potential for further expansion in China.Therefore,the climate niche of S.canadensis primarily exhibited a conservative state after invading China,but there was also a certain degree of niche shift.S.canadensis was mainly in a stable invasion stage in East,Central,South,and Southwest China,while it was in a localized adaptation stage in the North and West China.These regions were the focus areas for prevention and control measures against S.canadensis in the future.The main climatic factors affecting the distribution of S.canadensis were precipitation of the driest month and mean temperature of the coldest quarter.During its invasion in China,the climate niche of S.canadensis shifted towards areas with higher temperature in the coldest quarter,drier in the dry season,and more precipitation in the warm and humid seasons.In conclusion,our results suggested that S.canadensis has strong adaptability,and the expansion of climate niche may further promote its invasion in China.

关 键 词：生态位模型 加拿大一枝黄花 生态位漂移 生态位保守性 入侵阶段 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]