硅酸盐矿物增强风化技术对水稻田植物-土壤系统固碳的影响  

Effect of enhanced silicate minerals weathering on carbon sequestration by plant -soil systems in rice fields

作　　者：王芳娜 朱飞飞 李英华[1] 刘德泽 曲玉莹 秦玉婧 王莹莹 王文超 谢瑾 方运霆[2,3] WANG Fangna;ZHU Feifei;LI Yinghua;LIU De;QU Yuying;QIN Yujing;WANG Yingying;WANG Wenchao;XIE Jin;FANG Yunting(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110819 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与管理重点实验室,沈阳110016 [3]辽宁省稳定同位素技术重点实验室,沈阳110016

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第10期2733-2743,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2022JH2/101300128);中国科学院战略先导项目(XDA28020300,XDA28090309);沈阳市科学技术计划项目(21-108-9-06)资助。

摘　　要：连续的作物收获导致农田生态系统土壤硅损失,进一步降低了有效硅含量,亟需相关农业措施来增加土壤中硅的可用性。增强硅酸盐矿物风化可有效补充土壤硅,促进植物吸收硅,形成植硅体固存大气CO_(2),且硅酸盐矿物风化过程本身也可促进土壤碳固存。本研究在辽宁省水稻田施加硅酸盐矿物硅灰石粉末,探究其增强风化过程对土壤有效硅、植物-土壤系统中植硅体碳(PhytOC)含量变化以及土壤各形态碳含量的影响。结果表明:与不施硅对照相比,施加硅灰石粉可显著提高表层土壤有效硅含量(53%),促进水稻干生物量生产(籽粒增加12%,秸秆增加4%),增加PhytOC含量(籽粒增加4%,秸秆增加26%),进而导致硅灰石粉施加处理植硅体碳产生通量较对照显著增加25%。硅灰石粉施加处理土壤无机碳和有机碳含量均有所提高,土壤中总碳含量增加13%。综上,增强硅酸盐矿物风化技术可有效提高水稻田土壤有效硅含量,促进水稻硅吸收和PhytOC形成,同时增强土壤CO_(2)固存,达到地上地下协同固碳的效果。Successive crop harvest results in soil silicon(Si)loss,which constantly reduces soil available Si.Agricultural measures that can increase the availability of soil Si are in urgent need in agroecosystems.Enhanced weathering of silicate minerals can effectively replenish soil Si,which will promote plant uptake of Si,formation of plant phytolith occluded carbon(PhytOC),and the sequestration of atmospheric CO_(2).In addition,the process of silicate mineral weathering can promote soil carbon(C)sequestration.In this study,we applied silicate mineral wollastonite powder to rice fields in Liaoning Province to investigate effects of the enhanced weathering process on soil available Si,changes in phytolith carbon(PhytoC)content in plant-soil systems,and the content of various soil C forms.The results showed that the application of wollastonite powder could significantly increase the available Si content in the surface soil(53%),promote rice dry biomass production(12%increase in rice grains and 4%increase in straw),increase the phytOC content(4%increase in rice grains and 26%increase in straw),which together resulted in 25%increase in phytOC production fluxes.The application of wollastonite powder tended to increase both inorganic and organic C content in the soil,resulting in i3%increases of soil total C content.In summary,enhanced weathering of silicate minerals could effectively increase soil available Si in paddy soil,promote rice Si absorption and phytOC formation,and enhance soil CO_(2) sequestration,achieving the effect of coordinated carbon sequestration from both above-and below-ground.

关 键 词：水稻 植硅体 植硅体碳 硅酸盐矿物 风化 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]