2016—2022年柳州市处理后医院污水中腹泻病毒检测结果分析  

Analysis on diarrhea virus detection results in hospital sewage after treatment in Liuzhou City from 2016 to 2022

作　　者：陈威[1] 刘一[2] 陈柳军[2] 杨振兴[1] 余钧池[1] 许敏[2] CHEN Wei;LIU Yi;CHEN Liujun;YANG Zhenxing;YU Junchi;XU Min(Institute of Physical and Chemical Examination,Liuzhou Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545007,China;Institute of Microbial Testing,Liuzhou Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545007,China)

机构地区：[1]柳州市疾病预防控制中心理化检验所,广西柳州545007 [2]柳州市疾病预防控制中心微生物检验所,广西柳州545007

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第15期2043-2046,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委自筹课题(Z2016017)。

摘　　要：目的通过检测柳州市处理后医院污水中的腹泻性病毒,了解该市处理后医院污水中存在的腹泻病毒分布情况和流行特征,为医院污水处理方法和效果评价提供基础资料。方法收集2016—2022年柳州市各个医院处理后医院污水样本,经病毒富集后提取核酸并纯化,用实时荧光逆转录-聚合酶链式反应进行轮状病毒、诺如病毒、肠道腺病毒和人类星状病毒核酸检测,并对数据进行分析。结果742份污水中322份检出腹泻病毒,检出率为43.40%,且均为多种病毒混合检出,其中轮状病毒检出195份,且全部为A型轮状病毒,检出率为26.28%,诺如病毒检出251份,检出率33.83%,其中GⅠ型138份,检出率18.60%,GⅡ型176份,检出率23.72%。肠道腺病毒检出103份,检出率为13.88%,人类星状病毒检出76份,检出率为10.24%,各年度检出率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=59.264,P<0.05)。结论轮状病毒和诺如病毒的检出率较高,肠道腺病毒也有检出,提示柳州市病毒性肠胃炎患者潜在流行趋势以轮状病毒和诺如病毒为主。同时,医院污水处理后仍然能检测出腹泻性病毒,对医院污水处理消毒效果需进一步加强关注。Objective To detect the diarrhea virus in the treated hospital sewage in Liuzhou City,understand the distribution and epidemic characteristics of the diarrhea virus in the treated hospital sewage,and provide basic information for hospital sewage treatment methods and effectiveness evaluation.Methods The sewage samples from various hospitals in Liuzhou City from 2016 to 2022 were collected,and the nucleic acids were extracted and purified after virus enrichment.The nucleic acids of rotavirus,norovirus,intestinal adenovirus and human astrovirus were detected by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0.Results Totally 322 out of 742 sewage samples were detected for diarrhea virus,with a detection rate of 43.40%,all of which were mixed with multiple viruses.Among them,195 samples were detected for rotavirus,all of which were type A rotavirus,with a detection rate of 26.28%.251 samples were detected for norovirus,with a detection rate of 33.83%,including 138 for GⅠtype,with a detection rate of 18.60%,and 176 for GⅡtype,with a detection rate of 23.72%.103 cases of intestinal adenovirus were detected,with a detection rate of 13.88%,and 76 cases of human astrovirus were detected,with a detection rate of 10.24%.The difference in detection rates among different years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=59.264,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of rotavirus and norovirus were relatively high,and intestinal adenovirus had also been detected,indicating that the potential epidemic trend of viral gastroenteritis patients in Liuzhou City is mainly rotavirus and norovirus.At the same time,diarrhea virus can still be detected after hospital sewage treatment,and further attention should be paid to the disinfection effect of hospital sewage treatment.

关 键 词：病毒性腹泻 处理后医院污水 诺如病毒 轮状病毒 肠道腺病毒 人类星状病毒 

分 类 号：R123.3[医药卫生—环境卫生学]