铯原子nD里德堡态量子亏损的精密测量  

Precision Measurements of Quantum Defects of Cesium nD Rydberg States

作　　者：范伟娜 宜旭阳 康智强 张好[1,2] 杨文广 FAN Wei-na;YI Xu-yang;KANG Zhi-qiang;ZHANG Hao;YANG Wen-guang(State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Optical Quantum Devices,Institute of Laser Spectroscopy,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006;Extreme Optics Collaborative Innovation Center,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006;China-Belarus Joint Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environmental Effects"One Belt,One Road",Taiyuan 030032)

机构地区：[1]山西大学激光光谱研究所,量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室,山西太原030006 [2]山西大学极端光学协同创新中心,山西太原030006 [3]中国-白俄罗斯电磁环境效应“一带一路”联合实验室,山西太原030032

出　　处：《量子光学学报》2024年第3期53-61,共9页Journal of Quantum Optics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61975104);中国-白俄罗斯电磁环境效应“一带一路”联合实验室开放基金(ZBKF2022030201)。

摘　　要：量子亏损是碱金属原子低轨道角动量的特有性质,它主要源于最外层电子轨道与离子实相互作用所引起的能量变化,导致碱金属低轨道角动量态的能量与氢原子相应能级相比产生较大的频移。在里德堡原子波函数的数值计算过程中,量子亏损会影响里德堡能级的精确值,从而影响波函数的计算精确度,对于里德堡原子的极化率计算、基于里德堡原子的微波电场测量等理论研究和实验测量精确度的提高有重要的意义。原子的电磁诱导透明效应(Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency,EIT)提供了一种实现精密测量里德堡能级的技术手段。通过双光子激发方法将室温蒸汽池中的原子激发到里德堡态,利用电磁诱导透明光谱测量了nD_(5/2)和nD_(3/2)态(50≤n≤70)的精细结构分裂,进而拟合获得了原子nD里德堡态的量子亏损。通过分析里德堡原子nD态精细结构分裂的测量误差,去除了里德堡原子相互作用引起的能级频移,提高了里德堡nD态量子亏损测量的精确度。Objective Quantum defect is a unique property of the low-orbit angular momentum of alkali metal atoms,which is mainly due to the energy change caused by the interaction between the outermost electron orbital and the ionic core,resulting in a large frequency shift between the energy of the low-orbit angular momentum state of alkali metal and the corresponding energy level of hydrogen atoms.In the numerical calculation of the Rydberg atomic wave function,the quantum defect affects the exact value of the Rydberg energy level,which in turn affects the calculation accuracy of the wave function.It is of great significance value of the Rydberg energy level,which in turn affects the calculation accuracy of the wave function.It is of great significance for both theoretical research and improvement of experimental measurement accuracy such as the calculation of polarizability of Rydberg atom and the measurement of microwave electric field utilizing Rydberg atom.Methods The electromagnetically-induced-transparency(EIT)of atoms provides an effective method to achieve precise measurement of the Rydberg energy level.EIT is a typical quantum interference effect,and the non-destructive detection of Rydberg atoms can be realized based on the EIT effect of the stepped three-level system.We used the double-sided band frequency stabilization technology based on ultra-stable cavity to detect the optical frequency locking to ensure the stability and accuracy of frequency measurement,and the atoms in the room temperature steam pool were stably excited to the Rydberg state by the twophoton excitation method,and the fine structure splitting of nD_(5/2)and nD_(3/2)states(50≤n≤70)had been measured by electromagnetic-induced transparency spectroscopy,and then the quantum defect of the Rydberg state of the cesium atom nD was obtained by fitting.The low-noise,narrow-linewidth laser system is the most important part of the experimental system.Reducing the frequency noise and intensity noise of the laser system is the basis for achieving hi

关 键 词：里德堡原子 量子亏损 电磁感应透明 

分 类 号：O431.2[机械工程—光学工程]