句法构词:从中心语的角度看汉语动结复合词的构成  

The Syntactic Word-formation of Mandarin Resultative Verb Compounds from the Perspective of Headedness

作　　者：蔡军 韩景泉 CAI Jun;HAN Jingquan(School of Foreign Studies,Hunan First Normal University,Changsha 410205,China;Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南第一师范学院外国语学院,湖南长沙410205 [2]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心,广东广州510420

出　　处：《外国语》2024年第5期2-10,共9页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“英汉动结式句法-语义-形态互动机制对比研究”(22YJC740004);湖南省教育厅科学研究青年项目“汉语动结式论元异构现象的生成机制研究”(21B0806)。

摘　　要：动结复合词的中心语议题在汉语语法研究中一直颇具争议。本文从汉语动结复合词的词内结构及其组合机制来考量,认为这类复合词内部缺乏句法意义上的中心语。从句法上看,中心语将其句法特征投射给其所处词组,并将其语类赋予整个词组。本文假设,动结复合词由两个词根合并而成,故其构成不遵从中心语原则。具体来说,两个词根首先通过对称合并构成词根复合体,然后再与定类语素合并成为封闭单位。由于词根成分的句法特征缺损,不具备决定整个结构句法范畴归属的能力,因此汉语动结复合词内所谓的活动动词V和结果谓词R均不是句法中心语。该语言事实对句法构词的思想主张并不构成挑战。Which element of a Mandarin resultative verb compound serves as the head has long been a rather controversial issue on Chinese grammar.Taking the internal structure and formation mechanism of resultative verb compounds into consideration,the present paper argues that such compounds are headless in the sense that they lack a syntactic head.Syntactically,a head projects its syntactic properties to the compound and gives its category to the whole phrase.It is assumed in this paper that resultative verb compounds involve the merging of two roots and thus their formation is not subject to the Headedness Principle.More specifically,two roots undergo a symmetric merger to form a root complex,and then the resultant merges with a defining category to form a closed unit.Given that the root lacks full-fledged syntactic features and cannot determine the category of the whole construction,a natural conclusion is that there is no syntactic head in Mandarin resultative verb compounds.However,this fact does not challenge the assumption that word formation obeys general syntactic rules.

关 键 词：中心语 动结复合词 词根合并 句法构词 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]