发达国家或经济体农业保护与收入支持政策及其国内启示  

Agricultural Protection and Income Support Policies for Farmers of Developed Countries and Their Domestic Implications

作　　者：刘乃安[1] LIU Naian

机构地区：[1]吉林财经大学经济学院,长春130117

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期89-98,共10页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“农民职业分化深度进程中我国东北地区农业生产经营研究”(20BRK011);吉林财经大学智库培育基金项目“培育粮食主产区农业市场主体的建议”(2022ZK054);吉林财经大学马克思主义经济学研究中心招标课题“东北粮食主产区进一步深化农地产权制度改革研究”(2022MY003)。

摘　　要：当前我国的农民收入增长速度已经超过经济增速,转移性收入是重要贡献力量,其比重也在增长,然而,实际水平远低于发达国家或经济体的支持力度。基于农业发展类型和经济合作与发展组织对农业补贴分类,选取美国、欧盟、日本为发达国家或经济体代表,分析发现他们已经建立起来比较完善的农业保护与收入支持政策,包括价格支持、直接补贴、一般服务补贴等方面,并能做到及时调整,对保护农业发展和提高农民收入发挥了重要的保障作用。发达国家或经济体农业保护与收入支持政策对我国具有启示作用。从理念上必须树立并践行农业是需要支持保护的产业,农民是需要保护培育的职业;对农业实施补贴并坚持政策倾斜是农民收入持续增长的保障和基础;建立完备的收入支持制度并应做到适时调整。将支持发展农业政策性保险、完善农产品价格支持性政策、向“绿色补贴”的方向倾斜和提高农业生产经营的组织化程度,作为农业保护与支持政策的实践向度。At present,the growth rate of farmers'income in our country has exceeded the economic growth rate,and the proportion of transfer income is also increasing.However,the actual level of support is far lower than developed countries.Based on their own agricultural resource possession,countries or economies such as the United States,European Union,and Japan have already established relatively complete policies to support farmers'income,including price support,direct subsidies,and agricultural comprehensive service subsidies.And being able to make timely adjustments,it has played an important role in ensuring the improvement of farmers'income.The income support policies for farmers in developed countries have a positive enlightening effect on our country.Conceptually,it is necessary to establish and practice that agriculture is an industry that needs to be supported and protected,that farmers are an occupation that needs to be protected and nurtured,that the implementation of agricultural subsidies and adherence to policy tilts are the guarantee and foundation for the sustained growth of farmers'incomes,and that a sound system of income support should be set up and adjusted promptly.It is also necessary to support the development of agricultural policy insurance,improve agricultural product price support policies,tilt in the direction of“green subsidies”,and improve the degree of organization of agricultural production and operation as the practical orientation of agricultural protection and support policies.

关 键 词：农业保护与收入支持政策 转移性收入 发达国家 国内启示 

分 类 号：F310[经济管理—产业经济]