秦汉官僚政治中的诬告  

False Accusations in Bureaucratic Politics during the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：苑苑 YUAN Yuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史理论研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期144-151,共8页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Social Science)

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“‘中国之治’的历史根源及思想理念研究”(22VLS006);2020年国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“中国历代民族治理研究”(20@WTZ007)。

摘　　要：秦汉时期,国家通过制度和法令,促使官僚间相互告劾,尽揭官吏之罪以施处罚。随之而来的,是告劾中的诬告。官吏为争权夺利和逃避告劾,或主动或被动地诬告他官,损害了正常的告劾秩序。秦汉立法严禁诬告的相关行为,司法程序也力求对告劾甄别辨伪,避免冤枉。随着皇权旁落,戚宦权臣借助皇权超越司法限制,以诬告陷罪政敌与不附者。如此,诬告成为权臣及其朋党扩张权势的工具,使皇权受到威胁;随着诬告在官僚系统中的扩散,各级官僚组织中正直者不得其位,告、劾中的告讦功能遭到破坏,官僚政治因而衰败。During the Qin and Han dynasties,the state promoted mutual impeachment among bureaucrats through systems and laws,exposing the crimes of officials and imposing punishments.Subsequently,there were false accusations in the impeachment process.Officials,either actively or passively,falsely accuse other officials in order to compete for power and avoid impeachment,which undermines the normal order of impeachment.The legislation of the Qin and Han dynasties strictly prohibited false accusations,and the judicial process also sought to distinguish between false accusations and avoid injustice.With the decline of imperial power,Qi eunuchs and officials used imperial power to surpass judicial restrictions and falsely accuse political enemies and those who did not attach themselves.False accusations in this way became a tool for powerful officials and their allies to expand their power,ultimately threatening the imperial power of Qin and the late Western Han Dynasty.With the spread of false accusations in the bureaucratic system,upright individuals at all levels of bureaucratic organizations were unable to hold their positions,and the function of accusation and impeachment was disrupted,leading to the decline of bureaucratic politics in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：秦汉时期 官僚政治 告劾与诬告 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] K232[历史地理—历史学]