茭白生产机械化发展现状与对策  

Current status and countermeasures of mechanized developmemt of Zizania latifolia production

作　　者：费焱 王涛 崔志超 李怡鹏 楼婷婷 杨梦飞 Fei Yan;Wang Tao;Cui Zhichao;Li Yipeng;Lou Tingting;Yang Mengfei(Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Characteristic Aquatic Vegetable Breeding and Cultivation,Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery,Jinhua,321051,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)

机构地区：[1]金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院),浙江省特色水生蔬菜育种与栽培重点实验室,浙江金华321051 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第11期278-282,298,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS—24—A—13);金华市科技计划项目(2021—2—002c)。

摘　　要：提高机械化水平是茭白产业破解“人力成本高”和“用工荒”难题,实现高质量发展的重要途径。目前茭白产业除耕整地、田间管理环节有少部分装备和机具可用外,种植、采收等关键环节均无机可用,机械化水平相较水稻、玉米等大宗作物大大落后。指出茭白机械化发展仍存在作业环境恶劣,通用机械不适用;植株特性复杂,关键技术难突破;栽培模式多样,农机农艺融合差;相对市场较小,资金技术支撑弱等问题。基于此,提出推进“以地宜机”和“以机宜地”、加快核心关键技术攻关,加强农机农艺融合技术研究、带动科研院所与企业协同创新的建议,并指出深泥脚动力底盘、自动对行、茭田仿形、田间信息实时监测等关键技术,为提升茭白生产机械化水平提供借鉴和参考。Improving the level of mechanization is an important way to solve the problems of“high labor cost”and“labor shortage”and realize high quality development of Zizania latifolia industry.At present,in addition to a small number of equipment and machinery available in tillage and field management,the key links such as planting,harvesting and other key aspects have no machinery available.The mechanization level of Zizania latifolia is far behind the bulk crops such as rice and maize.It is pointed out that the operating environments is still bad and the general-purpose machinery is unsuitable for the mechanization development of Zizania latifolia,plant characteristics are complex and key technology is difficult to break through,the cultivation patterns are diverse and the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy is poor,the relative market is small,and the capital and technical support is weak.On the basis of this,suggestions are put forward to promote“suitable land for machines”and“suitable machines for land”,accelerate the research on core key technology,strengthen the research on integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy,and promote the collaborative innovation between scientific research institutes and enterprises.The key technologies such as deep mud foot power chassis,automatic row alignment,Zizania latifoliafield mimicry,and real-time monitoring of field information are also pointed out,which can provide reference for improving the mechanization level for Zizania latifolia production.

关 键 词：茭白 机械化生产 农机装备 农机农艺融合 

分 类 号：S645.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S233.74[农业科学—园艺学]