电气化铁路用电用户的功率因数计算问题解析  

Analysis and Resolution of Power Factor Calculation Issues for Electric Railway Users

作　　者：杨彦红 黄玉龙 杨顺尧 高啸 林鹤 YANG Yan-hong;HUANG Yu-long;YANG Shun-yao;GAO Xiao;LIN He(Jingxing County Power Supply Branch of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050300,China;Shijiazhuang Power Supply Branch of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;Nanjing Power Supply Branch of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 265300,China)

机构地区：[1]国网河北省电力有限公司井陉县供电分公司,石家庄050300 [2]国网河北省电力有限公司石家庄供电分公司,石家庄050081 [3]国网江苏省电力有限公司南京供电分公司,南京265300

出　　处：《广东水利电力职业技术学院学报》2024年第4期13-16,共4页Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic of Water Resources and Electric Engineering

摘　　要：电气化铁路(电铁)用户在功率因数计算方面存在一定问题,特别是存在使用三相四线电能表对电铁负荷的总无功功率计量所导致的不合理电费减免现象。通过对石家庄地区电铁用户的案例分析,发现现有三相四线智能表计量方式不能准确计量非对称负荷下的无功消耗,从而低估总无功电量,使功率因数显得偏高,理论上和实际数据分析均支持这一发现,由此提出电铁用户按现有规则不仅不应获奖反应受罚。具体改进建议为:调整电铁牵引站的功率因数考核标准,修订智能表无功计算规则,推动电铁用户实施分层次合理无功补偿。以期优化电网性能、节省电能并提高经济效益。预估该措施将大幅增加国家资产收入,提升电力系统整体效率。There are certain issues with power factor calculation for electric railway(EIT)users,particularly regarding the use of three-phase four-wire energy meters for measuring the total reactive power,leading to unreasonable reductions in electricity fees.Through case analysis of EIT users in the Shijiazhuang,it was found that the current three-phase four-wire smart metering method cannot accurately measure reactive power consumption under asymmetrical loads.This results in an underestimation of total reactive power,making the power factor appear higher than it actually is.Both theoretical analysis and real data support this finding,indicating that EIT users should not be rewarded under the current regulations but rather penalized.Specific suggestions are made for improvements,including adjusting the power factor evaluation standards for EIT traction substations,revising the reactive power calculation rules of smart meters,and promoting the implementation of a tiered and reasonable reactive power compensation system.These measures are aimed at optimizing grid performance,saving energy,and improving economic benefits.It is estimated that these changes will significantly increase national asset revenue and enhance the overall efficiency of the power system.

关 键 词：三相四线 电能计量 电铁负荷 无功计算 

分 类 号：TU528[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]