高分辨率单道地震数据处理关键技术研究  

Research on Key Technologies of High-Resolution Single-Channel Seismic Data Processing

作　　者：梁昊 周辉 王洪松 刘长春 LIANG Hao;ZHOU Hui;WANG Hongsong;LIU Changchun(Tianjin Geological Research and Marine Geology Center,Tianjin 300170,China;Nanning University,Nanning 530020,China;Yantai Center of Coastal Zone Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Yantai 264002,China;School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,China Geological Survey,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市地质研究和海洋地质中心,天津300170 [2]南宁学院,广西南宁530020 [3]中国地质调查局烟台海岸带地质调查中心,山东烟台264002 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [5]中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋技术学报》2024年第5期28-35,共8页Journal of Ocean Technology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20220990);华北地质勘查局科研项目(ZX2023-C2)。

摘　　要：连续走航式的单道地震系统因高精度和高分辨率等技术优势,逐步成为判断海底地层分布特征、确定地质结构空间形态的重要工具。但该技术因采集模式非等距和覆盖次数低等特点,带来了海底强反射产生多次波、道能量不均衡及垂向振幅能量差异大等问题。为解决上述问题,本文提出了数据综合处理方法:低切滤波可以用来滤除高频噪声,提高信号的清晰度;随机噪声压制技术可以有效抑制空间随机干扰,提高信号的可靠性;多次波压制技术可以减少多次波的干扰,提高地震剖面的质量;振幅补偿技术也可以用来增强有效信号,改善地震剖面的分辨率。经过实际资料处理后,剖面的信噪比和分辨率都会显著提升,海底的地质信息得到了更准确的揭示。The continuous walk-behind single-channel seismic system,with its technical advantages of high precision and high resolution,is gradually becoming an important tool for judging the distribution characteristics of subsea strata and determining the spatial morphology of geological structures.However,this technology brings problems such as strong reflections from the seafloor producing multiples,uneven distribution of trace energy,and large differences in vertical amplitude energy due to its non-uniform sampling mode and low coverage rate.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a data processing method:low-cut filtering can be used to filter out high-frequency noise and improve the clarity of the signal;random noise suppression technology can effectively suppress spatial random interference and improve the reliability of the signal;multiple wave suppression technology can reduce the interference of multiple waves and improve the quality of the seismic section;amplitude compensation technology can also be used to enhance effective signals and improve the resolution of the seismic section.After processing actual data,the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the section will be significantly improved,and the geological information of the seafloor will be revealed more accurately.

关 键 词：单道地震 低切滤波 随机噪声 多次波压制 振幅补偿 

分 类 号：P631.44[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]