设施栽培有机基质肥力特性及番茄根际酶活性的动态变化  

Dynamics of Nutrients in Organic Substrates and Enzyme Activities in Tomato Rhizosphere in Greenhouses

作　　者：柴雨媛 邢佳林 张应华 史静[1] CHAI Yu-yuan;XING Jia-lin;ZHANG Ying-hua;SHI Jing(School of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650000,PRC;Yunnan-Taiwan EngineeringResearch Center for Characteristic Agricultural Industrialization of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650000,PRC)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650000 [2]云南省滇台特色农业产业化工程研究中心,云南昆明650000

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第10期23-30,共8页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目农业联合专项(202101BD070001-106);云南省“高层次人才培养支持计划”(YNWR-QNBJ-2020–180)。

摘　　要：为了明确根际酶活性对土壤/基质中肥力等环境因子的响应规律,以云南设施土壤、松球渣和草炭为研究材料,基于盆栽试验研究了设施土壤不栽培作物(CK)、设施土壤栽培番茄(T1)、松球渣基质栽培番茄(T2)、草炭基质栽培番茄(T3)共4组处理中栽培介质肥力因子及番茄根际酶活性的动态变化。结果表明:各处理硝态氮及铵态氮含量在不同周期均呈现不同趋势,第16周时2种速效氮含量高低排序均为T2>T3>T1>CK;各处理有效磷含量变化趋势一致,T2处理始终较高,第16周时比CK高42.26%;速效钾含量变化基本呈“单峰”趋势,含量排序为T2>T1>CK,T3处理始终缓慢减少且无波动;有机质含量T3处理显著高于其他处理。此外,根际过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性整体呈缓慢下降趋势,处理间差异不显著;T2处理的根际水解酶(FDA)表现出最高活性水平,分别为83.412μmol/(d·g)(第4周)和76.757μmol/(d·g)(第8周),显著高于其他处理;根际脱氢酶(DHA)以T2和T1处理的活性最强,12周后具有显著差异;T2处理的根际蔗糖酶(SC)活性呈现显著高水平,最高测定值为84.584μmol/(d·g),超出其他处理60.32%~65.56%;根际脲酶(UE)活性整体呈上升趋势,其中T2处理始终保持显著高水平。Mantel-Test相关性分析表明,硝态氮、铵态氮、速效钾和有机质含量都与根际酶在不同显著水平上存在响应关系。研究结论表明,松球渣和草炭基质的保肥能力优于一般设施土壤;松球渣基质栽培有利于番茄根际酶活性的提升;根际水解酶(FDA)与养分因子的关系最紧密。To clarify the response patterns of root enzyme activities to environmental factors such as nutrients in soil/substrates,we carried out pot experiments with greenhouse soil,pinecone residue,and peat in Yunnan.Four treatments,including soil without crop cultivation(CK),cultivation of tomatoes in greenhouse soil(T1),cultivation of tomatoes in pinecone residue(T2),and cultivation of tomatoes in peat(T3),were designed to investigate the dynamics of nutrients in substrates and enzyme activities in tomato rhizosphere.The results showed that nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen exhibited different trends at different stages,following a trend of T2>T3>T1>CK at the 16th week.The content of available phosphorus showed consistent trends across treatments,being the highest in T2,42.26%higher than that in CK at the 16th week.The content of available potassium exhibited a unimodal pattern,following the trend of T2>T1>CK,and decreased slowly and did not fluctuate in T3 treatment.The content of organic matter was significantly higher in T3 than in other treatments.Additionally,the catalase activity slowly declined,with no significant differences among treatments.The level of fluorescein diacetate(FDA)hydrolase was the highest in T2,reaching 83.412μmol/(d·g)at the fourth week and 76.757μmol/(d·g)at the eighth week,which were significantly higher than those in other treatments.The dehydrogenase activity was strongest in T2 and T1,with significant differences observed after 12 weeks.The sucrase activity in T2 reached 84.584μmol/(d·g),which increased by 60.32%-65.56%compared with those in other treatments.The urease activity showed a rising trend,being the highest in T2 throughout the experiment period.The Mantel test indicated that nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available potassium,and organic matter were all associated with enzyme activities in the rhizosphere.In conclusion,pinecone residue and peat were superior to conventional greenhouse soil in maintaining nutrients.Pinecone residue benefited the enhancement of enzy

关 键 词：栽培基质 松球渣基质 草炭 速效养分 有机质 荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)水解酶 

分 类 号：S641[农业科学—蔬菜学] S513[农业科学—园艺学]