深低温区标准电阻温度计自热效应修正测量方法比较研究  

A Comparative Study of Self-heating Effect Correction Measurement Methods for Standard Resistance Thermometers in Deep Low-temperature Range

作　　者：孔祥杰 张海洋 刘思琦 宋耀楠 高波[1,2,3] PITRE Laurent KONG Xiangjie;ZHANG Haiyang;LIU Siqi;SONG Yaonan;GAO Bo;PITRE Laurent(Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;TIPC-LNE Joint Laboratory on Cryogenic Metrology Sciences and Technology,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Laboratoire national de m'etrologie et d'essais-Conservatoire national des arts et m'etiers,(LNE-Cnam)F93210,La Plaine-Saint Denis,France)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所低温科学与技术重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院理化技术研究所中法低温计量科学与技术国际联合实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]东北大学冶金学院,沈阳110819 [5]法国国家计量院-法国国立科学技术与管理学院,法国拉普莱纳-圣德尼F93210

出　　处：《真空与低温》2024年第6期719-727,共9页Vacuum and Cryogenics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0210200);国家自然科学基金(52125602);中国科学院项目(ZDKYYQ20210001、1A1111KYSB20210024);北京市科技计划项目(Z221100002722005);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2022028)。

摘　　要：标准电阻温度计是深低温区重要的温度计量器具,在测量中存在由激励电流热效应导致的温度计温度高于实际被测温度的现象,即自热效应,该效应的精准测量和修正对标准电阻温度计测量的准确性至关重要。介绍了自热效应测量的二电流法、多电流法和参考温度计法,并在5 K温度下通过实验研究了这些方法对标准铑铁电阻温度计自热效应测量的效果。结果表明,二电流法中对两个激励电流的优化配置可有效降低自热效应测量不确定度,多电流法可进一步降低该不确定度,但降低的程度随激励电流数增多而逐渐减小;将上述方法与参考温度计法结合可在不增加测量时间的情况下进一步降低自热效应测量不确定度。综合考虑测量不确定度及测量所需时间,建议采用普遍二电流法(电流比1∶2)和参考温度计法相结合的方法来测量和修正深低温区标准电阻温度计的自热效应。研究结果可为深低温区基于标准电阻温度计开展的标定、复现、国际比对等高准确度温度测量提供参考。The standard resistance thermometer is an important temperature measuring instrument used in deep low-temperature range.However,due to the thermal effect caused by the excitation current,the temperature of the thermometer is usually higher than the actual temperature to be measured,this phenomenon is the self-heating effect.The correction of this effect is crucial for accurate temperature measurements with standard resistance thermometer.The methods for measuring and correcting the self-heating effect are introduced,including two-current method,multi-current method,and reference thermometer method.Through experimental studies at 5 K,the effects of these methods on self-heating effect measurement of the standard rhodium-iron resistance thermometer are investigated.The results show that optimizing the configuration of the two excitation currents in the two-current method can effectively reduce the uncertainty of self-heating effect measurement,and the multi-current method can further reduce the uncertainty,but the degree of reduction gradually decreases with the increasing number of excitation currents.Combining the above methods with the reference thermometer method can further reduce the self-heating effect measurement uncertainty without increasing the measurement time.Considering the correction uncertainty and measurement time required,it is recommended to use the general two-current method(current ratio 1∶2)combined with the reference thermometer method for measurements of standard resistance thermometer in deep low-temperature range.The research results can provide reference for highly accurate temperature measurements of standard resistance thermometers in the deep low-temperature range,such as temperature calibration,reproduction,and international comparison.

关 键 词：深低温区 标准电阻温度计 自热效应修正 不确定度 参考温度计 

分 类 号：TB69[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB771