2020—2023年浙江省绍兴市老年急性上呼吸道感染患者病原学流行特征  

Pathogen epidemic characteristics of acute upper respiratory tract infection among the elderly patients in Shaoxing City,Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2023

作　　者：章正浩 叶珂雯 阮四维 ZHANG Zhenghao;YE Kewen;RUAN Siwei(School of Medical Technology and Engineering Information,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310053,China;Department of Laboratory Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312000,China;Microbial Testing Department of Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学医学技术与信息工程学院,浙江杭州310053 [2]绍兴文理学院附属医院检验科,浙江绍兴312000 [3]绍兴市疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第9期854-857,共4页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：【目的】监测分析2020—2023年浙江省绍兴市老年急性上呼吸道感染病例病原体流行特征,以指导老年人急性上呼吸道病原体感染的合理防治。【方法】采集2020年1月—2023年12月因急性上呼吸道感染在绍兴市传染病监测哨点医院传染病门诊就诊的老年患者的鼻咽拭子标本,采用多重核酸检测法检测甲型流感病毒(Flu A)、乙型流感病毒(Flu B)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、人鼻病毒(HRV)、腺病毒(ADV)和肺炎支原体(MP),对以上6种病原体进行流行病学分析。统计学分析采用χ^(2)检验。【结果】共采集年龄60~89岁的老年患者急性上呼吸道感染鼻咽拭子样本3670份,检测结果显示阳性2330例,阳性检出率为63.49%。2293例为单一病原体感染(简称“单一感染”),包括Flu A阳性1255例,Flu B阳性356例,ADV阳性63例,RSV阳性76例,HRV阳性363例,MP阳性180例。Flu A、Flu B、ADV、RSV、HRV、MP的检出率分别为34.20%、9.70%、1.72%、2.07%、9.89%和4.90%。2种及以上病原体混合感染37例,阳性检出率为1.01%。混合感染重症率高于单一感染(χ^(2)=24.468,P<0.001)。单一感染病例中,重症率最高为ADV感染,达4.76%;其次是Flu A和RSV,分别为3.19%和2.63%;重症率最低的是MP感染,为0.56%。上述6种呼吸道病原体感染重症病例分布均与其流行高峰相对应。【结论】老年急性上呼吸道感染与不同呼吸道病原体感染密切相关,且多种呼吸道病原体混合感染可能提高老年患者呼吸道疾病重症率。[Objective]To monitor and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral pathogens among elderly patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections in Shaoxing City from 2020 to 2023,to guide prevention and treatment.[Methods]Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from elderly patients at the Infectious Disease Outpatient Department of Shaoxing infectious disease surveillance sentinel hospital for acute upper respiratory tract infections between January 2020 and December 2023.The multiple nucleic acid detection method was used to detect the influenza A virus(Flu A),influenza B virus(Flu B),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),human rhinovirus(HRV),adenoviruses(ADV),and Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP).Epidemiological analysis was conducted on the six pathogens mentioned above.χ^(2) test was used for statistical analysis.[Results]Of the 3670 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from the elderly patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections aged 60-89,2330 were positive,with a detection rate of 63.49%.Among these,2293 were single pathogen infections,including 1255 Flu A,356 Flu B,63 ADV,76 RSV,363 HRV,and 180 MP cases,with positive rates of 34.20%,9.70%,1.72%,2.07%,9.89%,and 4.90%,respectively.A total of 37 cases were mixed infections with two or more pathogens,with a positive detection rate of 1.01%.The rate of severe cases was significantly higher in patients with mixed infections compared to single pathogen infections(χ^(2)=24.468,P<0.001).Among the single pathogen infections,ADV had the highest rate of severe cases at 4.76%,followed by Flu A at 3.19%and RSV at 2.63%.The lowest rate of severe cases was caused by MP infection at 0.56%.The distribution of severe cases of the six respiratory pathogen infections corresponded to their epidemic peaks.[Conclusion]Acute upper respiratory tract infections in the elderly are closely related to different respiratory pathogens,and mixed respiratory pathogen infections may increase the severity of respiratory cases in elderly patients.

关 键 词：急性上呼吸道感染 老年人 病原监测 流行病学 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]