新发展格局下中国对外贸易新特点、新优势和新思考  

New Characteristics,Advantages and Thoughts of China's Foreign Trade under a New Pattern of Development

作　　者：孙旭光 竺彩华 SUN Xuguang;ZHU Caihua(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of International Business and Economics)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院 [2]对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2024年第10期37-47,共11页Intertrade

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学区域国别研究联合专项课题(LHZX202207)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新发展格局下,我国经济循环模式出现调整,外贸发展逻辑从以外循环驱动为主转向以内循环驱动为主,中国外贸也由此呈现三个新特点:一是外贸依存度下降;二是贸易竞争力和自主性提升;三是国际循环模式调整使贸易关系出现“东升西降”。与此同时,基于国内大市场的全面创新和国家竞争优势,中国外贸呈现出全面竞争优势,即:既保持传统劳动密集型产品的出口优势,又不断在战略新兴产业中培育出新的优势产品。在这种背景下,国际循环新模式面临市场和技术双重风险,新优势更是面临贸易壁垒增加和贸易摩擦加剧的挑战。为构建更加可持续的国际循环新模式,我国须着重做好五方面工作:一是推动构建自主可控的全球技术生态体系,为新循环提供持续引领动力;二是加快建设全国统一大市场,持续扩大国内市场规模优势;三是推动货物贸易优势向服务贸易优势转化;四是推动国际循环模式从“贸易型出海”向“生态型出海”转变;五是妥善应对贸易壁垒和贸易摩擦,维持“东升”缓和“西降”趋势。Under the new pattern of development,China's economic circulation model has been adjusted,and the logic of China's foreign trade development has shifted from being mainly driven by external circulation to mainly driven by internal circulation.Thus,China's foreign trade presents three new characteristics:first,the degree of dependence on foreign trade has declined;second,trade competitiveness and autonomy have greatly improved;third,trade relations have embraced a pattern of a“rising East and falling West”due to the adjustment of the external circulation.At the same time,due to comprehensive innovation and national competitive advantages based on the large-scale domestic market,China's foreign trade has unfolded comprehensive competitive advantages,that is,it has not only maintained the export advantage of traditional labor-intensive products but also continuously cultivated new product advantages in strategic emerging industries.In this context,the new external circulation pattern faces both market and technology risks,and the new advantages are challenged by more trade barriers and rising trade frictions.To make the new external circulation pattern more sustainable,China should focus on the following five areas:first,to speed up the construction of an independent and controllable global technology ecosystem to sustain the momentum for advancing the new circulation;second,to accelerate the construction of a unified national market,and continuously expand the scale advantage of the domestic market;third,to promote the transition of trade advantages in goods into those in services;fourth,to promote the shift of external circulation pattern from“trade-based going abroad”to“ecology-based going global”;fifth,to properly respond to trade barriers and trade frictions,and maintain the trend of a“rising East”and ease the trend of a“falling West.”

关 键 词：新发展格局 国际循环新模式 国家竞争优势 贸易摩擦 生态型出海 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]