道德困境中的功利主义:述情障碍的决策假象(综述)  

Utilitarianism in moral dilemma:The disguise of alexithymia

作　　者：杨青 申学易 YANG Qing;SHEN Xueyi(Institute of Education,Guangdong University of Education,Guangzhou 510303,China;Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom)

机构地区：[1]广东第二师范学院教育学院,广州510303 [2]英国爱丁堡大学精神病学院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2024年第11期1660-1664,共5页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(编号:2019WTSCX083)。

摘　　要：述情障碍是一种以情绪察觉和表达困难为特征的人格特质,在经典道德困境范式中常被检测出和功利主义决策偏好正相关,这一结论也表明述情障碍和道义论倾向负相关。加工分离法和CNI模型范式能够区分并同时测量功利主义和道义论倾向,采用这两种范式的系列研究表明高述情障碍的道义论倾向显著减弱,而功利主义倾向和正常群体差异不显著。道德困境决策是认知推理和情感反应竞争的过程,情绪直觉系统一方减弱或激活不足,另一方的认知推理过程就更可能率先进入决策通路。高述情障碍人群的情绪唤起和情绪意识受限,难以形成快速有效的情绪直觉反应,对无辜伤害的道德规范不敏感,导致道德困境中道义论决策意愿偏低,并非功利主义决策倾向增强。Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulty in perceiving and expressing emotions.In traditional moral dilemma paradigm,alexithymia has been found positively correlated to utilitarian inclinations,which also indicates that alexithymia is negatively correlated to deontological inclinations.Both the processing dissociation approach and the CNI model can isolate and independently quantify the strength of utilitarian and deontological inclinations.Evidence from studies utilizing these two paradigms shows that deontological inclinations of high alexithymia group are weakened significantly,while their utilitarian inclinations are not different from those of normal group.Moral dilemma is a competing psychological process between cognitive and emotional systems.If emotional intuition system is weakened or underactivated,the cognitive reasoning process is more likely to dominate decision-making.Individuals with high alexithymia exhibit defects in emotional arousal and awareness,and lack quick and effective emotional intuition.Their sensitivity to moral norms regarding harm to innocents is significantly diminished,resulting in a decrease in deontological inclinations rather than an increase in utilitarian inclinations.

关 键 词：道德困境 功利主义 道义论 述情障碍 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]