多维城镇化冲击下苗侗村寨消防体系嬗变解析  

Study on the evolution of fire protection system in Miao-Dong Minority Village under the impact of multidimensional urbanization

作　　者：高明明 王竹[2] 王思成 苗丽婷 GAO Mingming;WANG Zhu;WANG Sicheng;MIAO Liting

机构地区：[1]贵州大学,建筑与城市规划学院 [2]浙江大学建筑工程学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第5期133-138,共6页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52368002);国家自然科学基金项目(52368004);贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2023]一般114)。

摘　　要：多维城镇化对苗侗村寨的社会组织、产业结构、生活方式等产生了持续冲击,导致其消防场域的火灾风险有增无减,消防体系的应灾能力呈现低效悖论。为破解苗侗村寨在现代火灾频发的困局,亟需解析其消防体系的嬗变机理。基于消防工程学原理与方法,分析多维城镇化要素冲击下的苗侗村寨火灾风险演变特征,归纳此类消防场域的要素构成及其相互关系,解析消防体系由传统到现代的嬗变过程与机理。研究发现苗侗村寨消防体系存在由“人防为本”向“技防为先”的嬗变,原因在于自下而上约束力的退化与自上而下管控力的增强,进而揭示出现代消防体系的关键问题在于村民消防组织弱化、防火空间失效、电气火灾应对缺位,对此提出了结合传统民俗强化村民的防火组织、营建被动式、智能化防火空间、建设电气火灾治理长效机制的优化策略。Multi-dimensional urbanization has a continuous impact on the social organization,industrial structure and lifestyle of the Miao and Dong villages,resulting in an increasing fire risk in the fire field,which is manifested by frequent fires and high fire intensity in recent years.In the traditional period,its fire protection system can properly cope with the fire threats,but it frequently fails in the modern period of technological progress,showing“inefficient paradox”.It is fundamental to reveal the internal mechanism of this paradox for solving the frequent fire disasters in Miao-Dong villages in modern times.Therefore,it is urgent to research the transmutation mechanism of the fire protection system from tradition to modern times in Miao-Dong villages.Based on the principles and methods of fire engineering,this paper analyzes the impact of multi-dimensional urbanization factors on the social organization,industrial transformation and villagers’life of Miao-Dong villages,which leads to the evolution of fire risk in their fire field from“more fire hazards,less fire”to frequent fire,and the evolution of fire risk sources from open fire dominated to electrical fire dominated.And it sums up the elements and their characteristics of the fire protection system in Miao-Dong villages,which can be divided into four parts:fire prevention space,fire facilities,fire personnel and fire governance.It clarifies the relationship between urbanization,fire risk and fire protection system,and then analyzes the evolution process and mechanism of the fire protection system from tradition to modern times in Miao-Dong villages.It is found that the fire protection system of Miao-Dong villages has changed from“humanbased defense”to“technical defense first”,which is embodied in the more intensive village space and less combustible building materials.Fire protection facilities have transformed from localization to specialization.The main force of fire fighting has changed from villagers to firefighters.Fire governance ha

关 键 词：苗侗村寨 消防体系 嬗变 多维城镇化 防火空间 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]