环境DNA技术在长江江津段鱼类多样性监测中的应用研究  

Application of Environmental DNA Technology in Monitoring Fish Diversity in the Jiangjin Section of the Yangtze River

作　　者：张家铭 周鑫鑫 王维 段聪 李英文[1] 沈彦君 ZHANG Jia-ming;ZHOU Xin-xin;WANG Wei;DUAN Cong;LI Ying-wen;SHEN Yan-jun(School of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Chongqing Rare and Unique Fish National Nature Reserve Management Office,Chongqing 402260,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学生命科学学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆市珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区管理处,重庆402260

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期579-586,共8页Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32202939);重庆市教委科学技术研究计划项目(KJQN202100503)。

摘　　要：通过环境DNA技术来研究长江江津段鱼类资源分布,为长江江津段河流管理提供重要的基础数据。于2021年6月在该江段布设6个断面,通过水样采集、环境DNA捕获及注释分析来检测鱼类的多样性组成。研究结果显示:长江江津段共检测出鱼类37种,分属于4目10科32属,包括2种国家级保护鱼类、14种长江上游特有鱼类、2种重庆市重点保护鱼类、3种外来鱼类。通过物种相对序列丰度分析发现,吻鮈(Rhinogobio typus)、子陵吻鰕虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)和铜鱼(Coreius heterodon)的相对丰度较高;基于序列丰度的α和β多样性分析结果表明,各断面鱼类组成和多样性呈现出一定的差异。与最近的传统形态学调查数据相比,环境DNA技术与传统方法得到的结果相似,表明环境DNA技术可以被作为一项有效的辅助手段,用以迅速了解长江鱼种的种类数量及其地理分布情况。Utilizing environmental DNA technology to investigate fish species distribution in the Jiangjin section of the Yangtze River provides essential fundamental data for effective river management.In June 2021,6 sampling sites were strategically positioned along this segment,employing a comprehensive approach that involved water sample collection,eDNA capture,and annotation analysis to assess fish diversity.The study identified a total of 37 fish species in the Jiangjin section,representing 4 orders,10 families,and 32 genera.Notably,the findings included 2 nationally protected fish species,14 endemic species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,2 key protected species in Chongqing Municipality,and 3 invasive species.Rhinogobio typus,R.giurinus,and Coreius heterodon exhibited notably higher relative abundances in this region.Furthermore,Alpha and Beta diversity analyses,based on sequence abundance,presented variations in fish composition and diversity at different sampling sites.Compared with recent traditional morphological survey data,a remarkable resemblance can be found between eDNA technology's detection results and the traditional findings for fish species.This underscores the efficacy of eDNA technology as a valuable supplementary tool for rapidly comprehending the amounts and geographical distribution of fish species in the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：环境DNA 鱼类多样性 鱼类监测 鱼类资源分布 长江江津段 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]