台风期间北部湾近岸观测海浪特征研究  

Study of observed wave properties in the nearshore of Beibu Gulf under theinfluence of typhoon

作　　者：朱冬琳 徐福敏[1] 孙建[3,4] 陈波 张文清[3,4] ZHU Donglin;XU Fumin;SUN Jian;CHEN Bo;ZHANG Wenqing(Key Laboratory of Coastal Hazards and Protection of Ministry of Education,College of Harbor,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences,Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Physical Oceanography Laboratory,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室,南京210024 [2]广西科学院广西海洋科学院广西近海海洋环境科学重点实验室,南宁530007 [3]中国海洋大学物理海洋教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [4]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《水道港口》2024年第5期675-684,共10页Journal of Waterway and Harbor

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(U20A2099);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51920105013);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41976017)。

摘　　要：极端天气下北部湾近岸海域海浪特性的精细研究有利于沿岸防灾减灾和工程建设。台风“马鞍”和台风“奥鹿”为2022年8~10月影响北部湾的两个具有典型路径的台风,其在北部湾近岸引起的海浪特征具有代表性。通过分析北部湾近岸海域观测数据发现,不同路径、不同距离的台风对北部湾近岸波浪场的影响在持续时间、波浪参数以及海浪谱变化上均呈现出不同的特征。距离较近的西北路径型台风“马鞍”经过测站时,强风浪的作用使得海浪谱在短时间内形成尖锐的单峰谱,台风过境11 h后,测站方向谱受外海涌浪影响出现双峰;在北部湾以南距离较远的西向路径型台风“奥鹿”引起的风速、波高增大幅度均弱于“马鞍”,但影响时间更久,其方向谱的双峰特征表明涌浪的影响更为显著。尽管台风“马鞍”、“奥鹿”过境前后北部湾内海浪变化剧烈、性质各异,但其均为宽谱且与标准化一维谱具有很强相似性;与平均频率相比,以谱峰频率进行标准化得到的无因次一维谱形状更为收敛一致,且均可用TMA谱来表示。In-depth research of the coastal wave properties under extreme meteorological conditions is crucial for disaster prevention,mitigation and construction in the nearshore of Beibu Gulf.Typhoon Ma-on and Typhoon Noru,tropical cyclones with two typical tracks,struck the Beibu Gulf between August and October 2022,and presented representative samples for the study of typhoon waves in coastal waters of the Beibu Gulf.In this paper,in situ observation data of winds and waves were carefully analyzed.Different wave bulk properties and wave spectra under cyclones with different tracks and distances were revealed.Typhoon Ma-on moves northwestwards into the Beibu Gulf and sweeps the nearshore.Rapidly growing unimodal spectral peaks are observed due to the drastic change of wind seas.Eleven hours after the passing of Typhoon Ma-on,temporary bimodal spectral peaks are featured in the frequency spectra,which are probably induced by swells from offshore of the Beibu Gulf.Typhoon Noru moves towards west direction all the way,and the increases of wind speed and wave height are not as significant as those of Typhoon Ma-on,while its influence lasts longer.Additionally,the continuous occurrence of bimodal spectral peaks indicates that the swell component during Typhoon Noru accounts for more proportions than that of Typhoon Ma-on.Wave spectra of the two typhoons are both wide-band and the standardized one-dimensional spectra generally have similar shapes,peak frequencies and spectral widths,in spite of the distinct wave properties and dramatic variationduring the process of the two typhoons.The dimensionless spectra obtained by standardization with peak frequency is more reserved and consistent in shape compared with average frequency during Typhoon Ma-on and Noru,and the standardized spectra with peak frequency can be well characterized by the TMA spectra with peak enhancement factor of 1~3.3.

关 键 词：北部湾 台风“马鞍” 台风“奥鹿” 台风浪 海浪谱 TMA谱 

分 类 号：U65[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] TV143[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]