文明互鉴视域下的古代丝绸之路相关史实考论——基于出土文献和文物的考察  

An Investigation into the Historical Facts Related to the Ancient Silk Road from the Perspective of Mutual Learning among Civilizations:Based on the Unearthed Documents and Cultural Relics

作　　者：孔德超 KONG Dechao(School of History and Culture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期222-232,共11页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“出土简帛所见信仰谱系研究”(23CZS005),项目主持人:孔德超;四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地“中国出土医学文献与文物研究中心”重点项目“出土简帛医药文献所见驱鬼术研究”(CTWX2301),项目主持人:孔德超;西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费用专项资金项目“《岳麓秦简》词汇研究及词典编纂”(SWU2309711),项目主持人:孔德超;重庆市语言文字科研项目重点项目“汉镜铭文词汇研究及词典编纂”(yyk24112),项目主持人:孔德超。

摘　　要：立足文明互鉴视域,将出土简牍材料和考古发掘成果与传世典籍记载相结合,运用二重证据法对我国古代丝绸之路的相关史实作了详细考察研究。通过研究可知,从空间上看,丝绸之路的起点已延伸到今江苏连云港东海县。使节往来的政治行为促进了中亚、西亚等丝绸之路西段国家和汉王朝在物质文化和精神文化等多方面的交流和融合。另外,由丝绸之路上敦煌悬泉置所出“浮屠简”可知,佛教最早传入中国的主要推动力是中亚贵霜的佛教,中原地区接受的应当是从贵霜,而不是从印度传来的佛教;从时间上看,在“丝绸之路”凿空之前存在一个“前丝绸之路”,这一时期东西方在人员往来、商品贸易和文化传播等方面的交流互鉴为之后张骞开通西域、凿空丝绸之路奠定了坚实的基础。而且,草原游牧人群在东西方文化的交流和融合中扮演着重要的中介角色。“丝绸之路”是中西文明交流互鉴的代名词,运用出土文献和文物开展丝绸之路研究是促进“丝路学”发展的重要举措和有益实践,对体系化、科学化的“丝路学”研究方法论的生成具有重要意义。From the perspective of mutual learning of civilizations,this paper combined the unearthed bamboo slips and archaeological excavations with the renowned classics,and makes a detailed investigation and research on the historical facts of China s ancient Silk Road by using the dual evidence method.Through research,it is known that from the perspective of space,the starting point of the Silk Road has extended to Donghai County,Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province.The political activities of diplomatic envoys promoted the exchange and integration of material and spiritual culture between the Han Dynasty and countries on the western part of the Silk Road in Central and West Asia.In addition,from the“Futu bamboo slips”in Xuanquan Posthouse on the Silk Road,the main driving force for the earliest introduction of Buddhism to China was the Buddhism of Kushan Empire in Central Asia.As a result,the Central Plains should have accepted Buddhism from Kushan rather than from India.From the perspective of time,there was a“Former Silk Road”before the Silk Road was opened.During this period,the exchanges and mutual learning between the East and the West in terms of personnel,commodity and cultural transmission laid a solid foundation for Zhang Qian to inaugurate the Western regions and construct the Silk Road.Moreover,nomadic populations played an important intermediary role in the exchange and integration of Eastern and Western cultures.The“Silk Road”is synonymous with the exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and Western civilizations.To conduct research on the Silk Road by using unearthed documents and cultural relics is an important measure and beneficial practice to promote the development of“Silk Road Studies”,and is of great significance to the generation of systematic and scientific research methodology of the studies.

关 键 词：文明互鉴 出土简牍 考古发掘 丝绸之路 前丝绸之路 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学] K207[历史地理—中国史] K852K871