消化道菌群在动物硝酸盐代谢中的作用及其生理功能  

Role of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Nitrate Metabolism and Its Physiological Functions

作　　者：郑文涛 齐莉莉 王进波[2] 吴玉琴 ZHENG Wentao;QI Lili;WANG Jinbo;WU Yuqin(College of Life Sciences and Medicine,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Biological and Chemical Engineering,NingboTech University,Ningbo 315100,China;The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310005,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院,杭州310018 [2]浙大宁波理工学院生物与化学工程学院,宁波315100 [3]浙江省新华医院,杭州310005

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第10期6248-6255,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1300301);宁波市重大科技攻关暨“揭榜挂帅”项目(2021Z112);宁波市科技特派员项目(2022S225);宁波市自然科学基金项目(2023J270)。

摘　　要：硝酸盐天然存在于绿色植物和饮用水中,具有抑制消化道有害菌增殖、参与炎症调控、抑制反刍动物瘤胃甲烷产生等生理功能;同时,过量的硝酸盐会转化成为亚硝酸盐,进而转化成为亚硝胺,对动物具有急、慢性毒理作用,对人体则存在潜在的致癌风险。消化道菌群通过“硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-一氧化氮”途径代谢硝酸盐,产生一氧化氮、氮气、亚硝酸根、氨气等小分子物质,具有调节动物机体生理功能的作用。因此,研究消化道菌群的硝酸盐代谢机制有助于全面认识硝酸盐在动物和人体内的代谢过程和生理作用;在此基础上,可通过调节饮食和消化道菌群来调控机体硝酸盐代谢,最大程度发挥其生理作用,提升动物的健康水平。Nitrates are naturally present in green plants and drinking water,playing roles in inhibiting the pro-liferation of harmful bacteria in the digestive tract,participating in inflammation regulation,and reducing meth-ane production in ruminants.However,excessive nitrates can be converted into nitrites,and subsequently into nitrosamines,which pose acute and chronic toxicological effects on animals and present potential carcinogenic risks to humans.The gut microbiota metabolizes nitrates via the“nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide”pathway,produ-cing small molecules such as nitric oxide,nitrogen gas,nitrite,and ammonia,which regulate various physio-logical functions in animals.Therefore,understanding the nitrate metabolism mechanisms of the gut microbiota is crucial for comprehensively recognizing the metabolic processes and physiological roles of nitrates in animals and humans.Based on this understanding,it is possible to regulate dietary intake and gut microbiota to optimize nitrate metabolism,thereby maximizing its physiological benefits and enhancing animal health.

关 键 词：消化道菌群 硝酸盐 代谢机制 生理作用 

分 类 号：S811.2[农业科学—畜牧学]