不同粗饲料组合对肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Different Roughage Combinations on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microflora of Beef Cattle

作　　者：王金宇 陈群[2] 蔡鑫毓 邱玉朗[2] 李林[2] WANG Jinyu;CHEN Qun;CAI Xinyu;QIU Yulang;LI Lin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling 136100,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,公主岭136100

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第10期6432-6447,共16页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：吉林省创新工程项目(CXGC2022RCY027);吉林省重大专项项目(YDZJ202203CGZH045)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同粗饲料组合对肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物区系的影响。选择18头体重为(517±9)kg的健康西门塔尔杂交牛,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。3组分别饲喂50.0%玉米秸秆+50.0%精料(A组)、16.7%羊草+33.3%玉米秸秆青贮+50.0%精料(B组)、16.7%玉米秸秆+33.3%玉米秸秆青贮+50.0%精料(C组)的试验饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)B组的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于A、C组(P<0.05),C组的ADG显著高于A组(P<0.05)。B组的料重比显著低于A组(P<0.05)。2)B组的干物质(DM)表观消化率显著高于A组(P<0.05),B组的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著高于A、C组(P<0.05)。3)B、C组的瘤胃液氨态氮(NH3-N)含量显著低于A组(P<0.05)。B组的瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于A、C组(P<0.05),且C组的瘤胃液丁酸含量显著低于A组(P<0.05)。4)C组的Simpson指数显著低于B组(P<0.05)。B组的瘤胃普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003(Prevotellaceae_UCG-003)相对丰度显著高于A组(P<0.05),A、B组的拟杆菌目RF16群(Bacteroidales_RF16_group)相对丰度显著高于C组(P<0.05),C组的瘤胃WCHB1-41相对丰度显著高于A、B组(P<0.05)。由此可见,16.7%羊草+33.3%玉米秸秆青贮的粗饲料组合可提高肉牛DM和ADF表观消化率、部分挥发性脂肪酸含量和瘤胃中增加纤维分解菌活性有益菌的相对丰度,提高肉牛生长性能。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different roughage combinations on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,rumen fermentation parameters and microflora of beef cat-tle.Eighteen healthy Simmental crossbred cattle with body weight of(517±9)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 cattle per replicate.The 3 groups were fed experimental diets which contained 50.0%corn straw+50.0%concentrate(group A),16.7%Leymus chinensis+33.3%corn straw si-lage+50.0%concentrate(group B)and 16.7%corn straw+33.3%corn straw silage+50.0%concentrate(group C),respectively.The preparing experiment for 15 days,and the experiment lasted for 90 days.The re-sults showed as follows:1)the average daily gain(ADG)of group B was significantly higher than that of groups A and C(P<0.05),and the ADG of group C was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05).The feed to gain ratio of group B was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).2)The dry matter(DM)apparent digestibility of group B was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05),and the acid detergent fiber(ADF)of group B was significantly higher than that of groups A and C(P<0.05).3)The ru-men fluid ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)content of groups B and C was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).The contents of acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,isobutyric acid,valeric acid and total volatile fatty acid in rumen fluid of group B were significantly higher than those of groups A and C(P<0.05),and the rumen fluid butyric acid content of group C was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).4)The Simpson index of group C was significantly lower than that of group B(P<0.05).The rumen Prevotel-laceae_UCG-003 relative abundance of group B was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05),the rumen Bacteroidales_RF16_group relative abundance of groups A and B was significantly higher than that of group C(P<0.05),and the rumen WCHB1-41 relative abundance of group C was significantly higher t

关 键 词：玉米秸秆青贮 生长性能 营养物质表观消化率 瘤胃发酵参数 瘤胃微生物区系 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]