商周金文所见族氏名与氏名异同略考  

A Brief Study on the Differences and Similarities between Clan Names and Surnames in the Inscriptions on Bronze Wares of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

作　　者：徐熠 XU Yi(Department of History,College of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期14-22,54,共10页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：族氏名与氏名存在较为鲜明的时代对应性与族群对应性,但两者之间具体的区别与联系则有待探索。两者在概念、来源、内涵等方面存在重叠之处,也有较为明显的差异。在具体使用方面,族氏名具有独立性,与同篇铭文其他内容不存在直接文义关联,是有意另外标注的;氏名一般出现于铭文内容中,作为个人称名的组成部分,而非特意标注。这是族氏名与氏名的重要区别之一,或与西周时期作器者心态的演变以及个体意识的觉醒存在关联。另一方面,族氏名与氏名在本质上是相同的,均为某一血缘组织的自我标识。西周时期出现“拟族氏名”以及出嫁女子将夫家族氏名作为自我身份标识的现象根本源于两者性质的相似,同时也映射出商周文化差异与西周时期商周文化交融、交替的历史进程。Clan names and family names have distinct temporal and ethnic correspondences,but the specific differences and connections between the two need to be explored.There are overlaps and significant differences between the two in terms of concepts,sources,and connotations.In terms of specific usage,clan names have independence and do not have a direct semantic association with other contents of the same inscription,so they are intentionally annotated separately;Family names generally appear in inscriptions as part of personal names,rather than being intentionally labeled.This is one of the important differences between clan names and family names,or it is related to the evolution of the mentality and the awakening of individual consciousness of the craftsmen during the Western Zhou period.On the other hand,clan names and family names are essentially the same,both being self identification of a certain blood related organization.The phenomenon of"imitating clan names"and married women using their husband's clan names as self-identity markers during the Western Zhou period fundamentally stems from the similarity in their nature,and also reflects the historical process of cultural differences between the Shang and Zhou dynasties and the integration and alternation of Shang and Zhou cultures during the Western Zhou period.

关 键 词：族氏名 氏名 拟族氏名 商周变革 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]