曝气-生态浮床联合技术净化河道水质效果及机理研究  

Research on the Water Purification Effect and Mechanism of River Course by Using Aeration-Ecological Floating Bed Technology

作　　者：李亚静[1] 张健 田鹏飞 于静洁[1] LI Yajing;ZHANG Jian;TIAN Pengfei;YU Jingjie(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,TCU,Tianjin 300384,China;Tianjin Dongli District Water Bureau,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学,天津300384 [2]天津东丽区水务局,天津300300

出　　处：《天津城建大学学报》2024年第5期339-345,共7页Journal of Tianjin Chengjian University

基　　金：天津市教委科研项目(2016CJ09);天津市自然科学基金重点项目(18JCZDJC10080)。

摘　　要：为提升东减河水体质量,探究了曝气增氧-生态浮床联合技术对河道水体中氮磷及有机物的去除效果及机理.实验结果表明,联合技术对主汛期河道水体的COD去除率达到65%,总氮和磷酸盐去除率分别达到72%和46%.常规水质指标的相关性分析得出,氨氮、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐是水体富营养化的主控因子.河道水温和藻类生长呈显著正相关,和溶解氧呈显著负相关.同时,在7—9月河道表层沉积物的有机氮和有机磷矿化释放作用增强且具有持续性.这些是造成该时段河道水质状况较差的关键因素.曝气-生态浮床联合技术既可以有效地去除河道水体中氨氮、总磷等污染物,还可以提高水体溶解氧含量,抑制水中藻类的生长.联合技术增加了河道底泥细菌群落的多样性和功能菌群的丰度,多种丰度较高的菌属与脱氮更为相关.其中脱氮功能菌有Thiobacillus、Sphingopyxis、Nitrospira、Pseudomonas、Thermomonas.除磷功能菌有Bacillus、Rhodobacter、Acinetobacter.同时检测出高丰度的黄杆菌属(Luteolibacter)是良好水质水体的指示生物.In order to improve the water quality of Dongjian River,the removal effect and mechanism of aeration-ecological floating bed technology on nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in water body was investigated.The experimental results showed that the removal rate of COD,TN and phosphate reached 65%,72%and 46%respectively in major flood period by the combined technology.The correlation analysis of conventional water quality indexes showed that ammonia nitrogen,nitrate and nitrite were main controlling factors of water body eutrophication.There was a significant positive correlation between water temperature and algae growth,and a significant negative correlation between water temperature and dissolved oxygen.At the same time,the release of organic nitrogen and organic phosphate mineralization in surface sediments was enhanced and sustained from July to September.These were the key factors causing poor water quality in these periods.Aeration-ecological floating bed technology can not only effectively remove ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and other pollutants in river course,but can also improve the concentration of dissolved oxygen and inhibit the growth of algae in water body.The combined technology increased the diversity of bacterial community and the abundance of functional bacteria in river sediment,and the bacteria with higher abundance were more related to nitrogen removal.The nitrogen removal functional bacteria were Thiobacillus,Sphingopyxis,Nitrospira,Pseudomonas and Thermomonas.The phosphorus removal functional bacteria were Bacillus,Rhodobacter and Acinetobacter.Meanwhile,Luteolibacter with high abundance was found to be an indicator of good water quality.

关 键 词：河道水质净化 曝气-生态浮床联合工艺 脱氮除磷 表层沉积物 功能菌群 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]