藏历时间度量单位折射出的文化观  

The Culture View Reflected from the Time Units of Tibetan Calendar

作　　者：拉毛吉[1] 周利群 Lhamo Kyi;ZHOU Liqun(Institute of the Community for the Chinese Nation,Tibet University,Lhasa,Tibet 850000;School of Asian Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学中华民族共同体研究院,西藏拉萨850000 [2]北京外国语大学亚洲学院,北京100089

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期103-109,共7页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2021年度西藏大学配套与培育提升项目“科学哲学与科学史视野下的藏族天文历算”(项目号:ZDTSJH21-09);2022年度西藏铸牢中华民族共同体意识专题研究课题“汉藏天文历算文化交往交流交融研究”(项目号:2022-TFSCC-07)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章通过藏历“息”“太阴日”“劫”三个时间单位和相应的生命周期,讨论东方共享的文化观。对比分析“息”与“漏刻”“漏分”的时间结构,认为藏历的时间划分不仅源自印度天文学概念,且与巴比伦天文概念、时间结构有着一定的相似性和共享性。从小周期到大周期的时间结构,呈现了一种东方文化的底层性。宇宙是一个完整有生命的存在,大宇宙与小宇宙存在生命体征的高度契合性。在大小宇宙相似性观念之下,呈现出明显的上与下、天与人、白天与黑夜、太阳日与太阴日、白分与黑分、前分与后分等二元对立统一的结构特征。印度“时”的数值、藏历时轮历中各种非人的生命周期,实则是上元积年在天文学层面或意义层面的表征,是历法周期的隐喻性再现。The paper focuses on the oriental culture view by discussing the time units of dbugs,tshes-zhag and bskal-pa in the Tibetan calendar,and the life circles of them.It is noted that the time division in the Tibetan cal-endar not only originates from several Indian astronomical concepts,but also has certain shared features with the Babylonian astronomy by comparing the time structure which consists of dbugs,chu-tshod and chu-srang.There's a kind of implicit logic of oriental wisdom in the time structure of both the minimum period or the maxi-mum period.Namely,the universe is a complete living being,furthermore,and the rhythm of life of macrocosm is in sync with of microcosm.It is somewhat obvious that the distinct structural features of dualism,such as up and down,heavenly body and human body,day and night,the solar day and the lunar day,the maxing moon,and the waning moon and so on.It is the representation of the epoch at the level of significance,from the case of the Yuga number model and the various non-human life cycles in the Tibetan Buddhism.

关 键 词：藏历 时间结构 时间单位 文化观 

分 类 号：P19[天文地球—天文学]