阿克量级放射性同位素分析的加速器质谱分析技术及其进展  

Progress of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology for Determination of Radioisotopes at Atto-gram Level

作　　者：刘起[1] 侯小琳[1] LIU Qi;HOU Xiao-lin(Xi’an AMS Center,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application,State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment CAS,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土科学全国重点实验室,陕西省加速器质谱技术与应用重点实验室,西安加速器质谱中心,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《分析测试学报》2024年第10期1525-1535,共11页Journal of Instrumental Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22341603);中科院重点部署项目(ZDBS-SSW-DQC003);中国科学院关键技术人才项目(E0290701)。

摘　　要：加速器质谱(AMS)技术已发展成为测试超低含量长寿命放射性核素的最灵敏手段,探测限降低至阿克量级。该文对加速器质谱的基本原理、加速器质谱仪基本结构、仪器经历的四代发展演化情况以及加速器质谱相关的关键技术进行了综述,以便于感兴趣的科研人员或从事相关交叉研究的青年科技工作者了解加速器质谱的技术原理、发展趋势、应用领域和范围,促进该技术的应用和学科交叉融合创新。近10年来,我国加速器质谱技术发展快速,仪器设备急剧增加,实验室建设和应用领域发展迅猛,在建及建成各类设备二十余台,设备类型愈发多样化,测试核素同样经历了最初的14C单一核素到现在“主流长寿命放射性核素”的近乎全覆盖扩展,应用范围不断扩大,对我国加速器质谱实验室的建设发展情况进行梳理和汇总也正得其时。加速器质谱技术除了推动传统的基础科学研究外,必将在对全球气候、环境污染、公众健康和国际性的核材料安全防护等热点问题的研究中做出越来越大的贡献,发挥越来越重要的作用。Accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS)has developed as the most sensitive means for test⁃ing ultra-low content radionuclides,and the detection limit has decreased to the atto-gram levels.This article provides a comprehensive review on of the principles and key techniques that support the continuous progress of AMS technology,the basic structure of the accelerator mass spectrometry in⁃struments,and the development of the four generations of AMS equipment.This paper aims to help the researchers especially young scientists who are interested in the application of AMS techniques in the relevant research fields to quickly understand the technical principles and techniques of AMS,to promote interdisciplinary integration and innovation.In the past 10 years,the AMS techniques devel⁃oped rapidly and number and types of AMS instrument increased dramatically.The nuclides to be measured from only 14C only in early date to almost full coverage of the“mainstream long-lived radio⁃active nuclides”at present,thus it is the right time and necessary to make a summary of the con⁃struction and development of the AMS laboratories in China.Accelerator mass spectrometry technolo⁃gy will not only promote traditional basic scientific research,but also make increasingly significant contributions in the studies such as global climate evolution,environmental pollution,public health and international nuclear material safety protection.

关 键 词：加速器质谱 阿克量级 超低含量 长寿命 放射性同位素 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学] O615[理学—化学]