五角枫秋季叶片呈色生理及代谢阶段性特征  

Physiological and Metabolic Stage-Specific Characteristics of Coloration in the Autumn Leaves of Acer mono Maxim.

作　　者：杨晓童 蔡静雯 任艳君 唐中华[1] 张捷[1] Yang Xiaotong;Cai Jingwen;Ren Yanjun;Tang Zhonghua;Zhang Jie(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第11期47-55,共9页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100500)。

摘　　要：五角枫(Acer mono Maxim.)为槭树科槭属落叶乔木,适应范围广,观赏性极佳,是东北地区园林景观中常用的彩叶绿化树种。以五角枫5个不同衰老呈色阶段(S1~S5)的叶片为试材,采用生理及代谢组学的技术方法分析五角枫叶片的衰老呈色过程,以及叶片色素质量分数、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白质量分数和代谢物质量分数的变化趋势。结果表明:五角枫叶片中叶绿素质量分数下降的程度大于类胡萝卜素,类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值显著升高,导致五角枫叶片黄化;过氧化物酶(POD)活性S2阶段达到最大(175.38μg^(-1)·min^(-1)),S5阶段降至最低(0.49μg^(-1)·min^(-1));可溶性蛋白的质量分数在整个过程中呈现下降的趋势。POD和可溶性蛋白均影响叶绿素的降解,间接影响叶色的呈色;通过非靶向代谢组学技术(GC-MS)筛选出30种差异代谢化合物,发现各化合物在不同时期的积累情况显著不同,其中葡萄糖、乳糖、果糖等糖类化合物在前期积累较多,而缬氨酸和亮氨酸等氨基酸类化合物在后期积累显著。通过代谢通路富集筛选出8条富集程度较高的差异代谢通路,其中柠檬酸盐循环、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢等碳代谢途径更强,主要通过加强呼吸,加速能量物质由大分子分解为小分子,再通过物质转运,实现能量物质贮存,进而促进叶色呈色。Acer mono Maxim.is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Sapindaceae and the genus Acer.It has a wide adaptability range and exceptional ornamental value,making it a commonly used species for color leaf greening tree in the landscape of Northeast China.Leaves at five different stages of senescence coloration(S1~S5)in A.mono.were selected as samples for analysis using physiological and metabolomic techniques.Changes in the content of leaf pigments,antioxidant enzyme activity,soluble protein content,and metabolite content during the leaf senescence and coloration process of A.mono were examined.The results showed that the decrease in chlorophyll content in A.mono leaves was greater than that of carotenoids,and the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll significantly increased during the coloration process,which directly caused yellowing of A.mono leaf tablets.The activity of peroxidase(POD)reached its maximum in stage S2(175.38μg^(-1)·min^(-1))and decreased to its minimum in stage S5(0.49μg^(-1)·min^(-1)).The content of soluble proteins showed a decreasing trend throughout the process.Both POD and soluble proteins affected chlorophyll degradation,indirectly influencing leaf coloration.30 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified using GC-MS technique with significant differences in accumulation patterns at different periods.Sugars such as glucose,lactose,and fructose accumulated more in the early stages,while amino acids such as valine and leucine accumulated significantly in the later stages.Eight highly enriched differential metabolic pathways were identified,including the citrate cycle,glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylate metabolism,indicating enhanced carbon metabolic pathways through increased respiration,accelerating the decomposition of energy substances from large molecules to small molecules,leading to energy substance storage and promoting leaf coloration.

关 键 词：五角枫 叶色 衰老 代谢物 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]