燃料电池分布式供能技术发展现状及分析  

Development Status and Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Distributed Energy Supply Technology

作　　者：王洪建 王冬冬 曹权 王雨晴 李爽[4] 郑娜 史翊翔[4] 井帅 WANG Hongjian;WANG Dongdong;CAO Quan;WANG Yuqing;LI Shuang;ZHENG Na;SHI Yixiang;JING Shuai(Beijing Gas and Thermal Engineering Design Institute Co.Ltd.,Xicheng District,Beijing 100032,China;Tsinghua University Shanxi Clean Energy Research Institute,Taiyuan 030032,Shanxi Province,China;School of Mechatronical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Haidian District,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市煤气热力工程设计院有限公司,北京市西城区100032 [2]清华大学山西清洁能源研究院,山西省太原市030032 [3]北京理工大学机电学院,北京市海淀区100081 [4]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京市海淀区100084

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2024年第20期8113-8125,I0016,共14页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB4001404)。

摘　　要：燃料电池发电技术具有高效率、低污染、低噪声等特点,且易与碳捕集技术结合实现CO_(2)近零排放,已成为分布式供能领域的关键技术与重要方向。该文介绍燃料电池分布式供能技术的特点、种类及应用,总结国内外燃料电池分布式供能技术的政策规划和技术发展现状,探讨我国在燃料电池分布式供能领域技术发展趋势。预期未来我国以氢气和天然气为主要燃料类型的质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)和固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC)技术将得到广泛应用,而应用于社区、医院、学校等大型公共场所的热电联供系统将是近期更易实现商业化的方向。最后,针对我国燃料电池分布式供能技术的开发推广,指出我国未来发展需综合考虑经济性和安全性,重点突破燃料电池关键技术的国产化,并完善燃料电池分布式供能的补贴政策和技术标准,进一步推动其产业化应用。Fuel cell power generation technology is characterized by high efficiency,low pollution,and low noise.Furthermore,fuel cells combined with CO_(2) capture technologies can realize the near-zero emission.Thus,the fuel cell has become a key technology in the distributed energy field and an important direction in the development of distributed energy field.The characteristics,types and applications of the fuel cell based distributed energy supply systems are reviewed in this paper,and the status of the policy planning and technological development at home and abroad are summarized.Then,the development trend in the field of distributed fuel cell energy supply in China is discussed.It is expected that PEMFC and SOFC technologies with hydrogen and natural gas as the main fuel types will be widely used in the future.Combined heat and power systems used in large public places such as communities,hospitals and schools are currently the focus of breakthroughs,which is proper for commercial promotion.Finally,in view of the development and promotion of distributed energy supply technology for fuel cells in our country,it is pointed out that the future development of the technology needs to consider economy and safety comprehensively,and focus on breaking through the localization of fuel cell key technologies.Furthermore,the subsidy policy and technical standards should be improved for distributed fuel cell-based energy supply systems to further promote its industrial application.

关 键 词：分布式供能 燃料电池 热电联供 现状 趋势 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]