日本落叶松无性系种子园和优树半同胞家系苗期比较  

Comparison of Seedlings from Clonal Seed Orchards and Half-Sibling Families of Larix kaempferi

作　　者：胡勐鸿 吕寻 戴小芬 李宗德 李万峰[2] Hu Menghong;Lyu Xun;Dai Xiaofen;Li Zongde;Li Wanfeng(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Secondary Forest Cultivation(Gansu Xiaolongshan Forestry Science Research Institute),Tianshui 741020,P.R.China;National Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding(Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences))

机构地区：[1]甘肃省次生林培育重点实验室(甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所),天水741020 [2]林木遗传育种全国重点实验室(中国林业科学研究院林业研究所)

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第12期10-17,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：科技创新2030-农业生物育种重大项目(2022ZD0401602);甘肃省林业和草原科技计划项目(2020KJ034);中央财政林木良种基地良种繁育补助项目(甘林场函[2023]105号)。

摘　　要：为缩短育种周期,降低田间试验规模,构建高阶遗传改良和繁育群体的应用材料。在沙坝国家落叶松(Larix gmelinii)、云杉(Larix asperata)良种基地,采用随机完全区组试验设计,对25个日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)car.)无性系种子园和30个人工林优树自由授粉家系苗期的生长性状及遗传变异进行比较。同时以2年生苗高作为选择指标,对家系选择和家系内单株选择进行对比。结果表明:日本落叶松种子园自由授粉家系和人工林优树自由授粉家系的1年生及2年生苗的地径、苗高差异不显著,两者间2年生苗新梢生长量差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。人工林优树自由授粉家系比种子园自由授粉家系新梢生长量高3.27%。种子园自由授粉家系及人工林优树自由授粉家系1年生及2年生苗的生长性状均具有丰富的遗传变异,两者生长性状的表型变异系数均大于遗传变异系数。家系遗传力大于单株遗传力,家系选择潜力大。人工林优树自由授粉家系相比种子园自由授粉家系,其具有更加丰富的遗传变异。人工林优树自由授粉家系苗高的家系遗传力及单株遗传力分别为0.920及0.434,是种子园自由授粉家系的1.16及27.13倍。以2年生苗高为选择指标,苗高大于群体均值为家系入选标准,种子园及人工林优树自由授粉家系的入选率分别是52.00%及46.67%。家系选择时,种子园和人工林优树自由授粉家系苗高的遗传增益分别为6.46%及9.98%。在家系选择的基础上进行优良单株选择,单株入选率为8.00%及7.80%。单株选择时,苗高的遗传增益分别是1.42%及32.15%。在人工林优树自由授粉家系及家系内单株进行选择,其遗传增益分别是种子园自由授粉的1.54及22.64倍。日本落叶松种子园自由授粉家系和人工林优树自由授粉家系均具有丰富的遗传变异,人工林优树自由授粉家系生长性状的遗传变异比种子园自由授粉家系更为To shorten the breeding cycle and reduce the scale of field trials,we provide applied materials for constructing higher-order genetic improvements and breeding populations.In the Sabah National breeding base for Larix gmelinii and Picea asperata,a randomized complete block design was employed to compare the growth traits and genetic variation of 25 clonal seed orchards of L.kaempferi and 30 half-sibling families from open-pollinated superior trees in artificial forests at the seedling stage.Using the height of two-year-old seedlings as a selection criterion,we compared family selection and within-family selection.The results showed that there were no significant differences in the diameter at breast height and height of one-year-old and two-year-old seedlings between the open-pollinated families from the seed orchard and those from the superior trees in artificial forests.However,the difference in shoot growth of the two-year-old seedlings reached a significant level(P<0.05),with the superior tree open-pollinated families showing a 3.27% higher shoot growth compared to the seed orchard families.Both the open-pollinated families from the seed orchard and the artificial forest superior trees exhibited rich genetic variability in growth traits,with the phenotypic variation coefficients being greater than the genetic variation coefficients.Family heritability was greater than individual heritability,indicating higher potential for family selection.The open-pollinated families from artificial forests exhibited more abundant genetic variation than those from the seed orchard.The family heritability and individual heritability for the height of the seedlings from the open-pollinated families in artificial forests were 0.920 and 0.434,respectively,which are 1.16 and 27.13 times greater than those of the seed orchard open-pollinated families.Using the height of two-year-old seedlings as the selection criterion,families with heights exceeding the population mean were selected,resulting in selection rates of 52.0% for the s

关 键 词：日本落叶松 种子园自由授粉家系 优树自由授粉家系 苗期比较 

分 类 号：S722.83[农业科学—林木遗传育种]