黑龙江地区山杏表型性状与营养成分多样性  

Phenotypic Traits and Nutritional Component Diversity in Prunus sibirica L.from Heilongjiang Region

作　　者：方玉凤 徐连峰 崔琳 温宝阳 王力刚 Fang Yufeng;Xu Lianfeng;Cui Lin;Wen Baoyang;Wang Ligang(Qiqihar Branch Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Qiqihar 161005,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,齐齐哈尔161005

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第12期124-132,共9页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业和草原局林业公益性行业科研专项(201304704);黑龙江省省属科研院所基本科研业务费资金项目(CZKYF2023Q003)。

摘　　要：2014年6—8月份,以山杏(Prunus sibirica L.)种质为研究对象,参照相关标准与规范,按照单株结实量确定了黑龙江省的七台河市、鸡西市、龙江县、嫩江县、宝清县、泰来县、杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县、扎赉特旗、宾县9个地区的优良林分,在优良林分选取标准样地,按抽样方法选取优树,每个地区选取20株优树,共选择180株山杏典型种质;测定表型性状——树体性状(树高、冠幅)、果实性状(单果质量)、果核性状(果核长、果核宽、果核厚、单核质量)、种仁性状(种仁长、种仁宽、种仁厚、单仁质量),对表型性状测定结果较好的种质(每个地区筛选5份种质,共计45份种质)测定种仁营养成分(种仁维生素、微量元素、氨基酸、脂肪酸);采用皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析法、主成分分析法、聚类分析法,对山杏种质17个表型性状和34种营养成分进行分析,分析山杏种质表型性状与地理因素相关性,综合分析山杏种质生长性状、果核表型性状、仁用成分,遴选选育优株的主要指标。结果表明:树体性状中树高和冠幅的变异系数(48.12%、41.83%)最大,果核和种仁形态性状的变异系数(7.52%~10.95%)最小;出核率均值为27.46%、出仁率均值为39.05%。相关性分析表明,树体性状、种仁大小、单仁质量、出仁率受地理气候因子影响显著,进行山杏优树的地域选择时,应以经度低、纬度高、海拔低、年均温高、日照时间长、降雨量少的地区为重点。依据表型性状数据,将180份种质分为4个类群,第Ⅰ类群的出核率(34.54%)最高,适用于选育核壳用品种;第Ⅱ类群的树体性状、果核和种仁性状、果和核质量最高,适用于改良并选育仁用杏品种;第Ⅲ类群的出仁率(43.21%)最高,丰产潜力大;第Ⅳ类群的单仁质量(0.40 g)最高,适用于选育油用杏品种。表型性状的前4个主成分累计贡献率达到84.51%,反应的信息与聚类分析和相关分�From June to August 2014,Prunus sibirica L.germplasm was studied based on relevant standards and protocols.Excellent stands were identified in nine regions of Heilongjiang Province-Qitaihe City,Jixi City,Longjiang County,Nenjiang County,Baoqing County,Tailai County,Durbert Mongolian Autonomous County,Jalaid,and Bin County-according to the yield per individual tree.Standard sample plots were established in these excellent stands,from which superior trees were selected using sampling methods.A total of 20 superior trees were chosen from each region,amounting to 180 typical P.sibirica germplasm samples.The phenotypic traits measured included tree characteristics(tree height,crown width),fruit characteristics(single fruit weight),fruit seed character(fruit seed length,fruit seed width,fruit seed thickness,single seed weight),and kernel traits(kernel length,kernel width,kernel thickness,single kernel weight).Nutritional components(kernel vitamins,trace elements,amino acids,fatty acids)of kernels were analyzed for selected germplasms with favorable phenotypic traits(five germplasms from each region,totaling 45).Using Pearson correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis,the study evaluated 17 phenotypic traits and 34 nutritional components of P.sibirica germplasms.The correlation between phenotypic traits and geographical factors was also analyzed to comprehensively assess growth characteristics,kernel phenotypic traits,and kernel components,and the main indexes of selecting and breeding superior strains were selected.The results showed that among tree characteristics,tree height and crown width exhibited the highest coefficients of variation(48.12% and 41.83%,respectively),while the coefficients of variation for fruit kernel and seed kernel morphological traits were the lowest(7.52% to 10.95%).The mean nucleation rate was 27.46%,and the mean benevolence rate was 39.05%.Correlation analysis revealed that tree characteristics,kernel size,single kernel weight,and benevolence rate were significant

关 键 词：山杏 表型性状 种仁营养成分 黑龙江地区 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学] S722.5